Robust Circadian Rhythmicity of Per1 and Per2 Mutant Mice in Constant Light, and Dynamics of Per1 and Per2 Gene Expression under Long and Short Photoperiods

Steinlechner, Stephan; Jacobmeier, Birgit; Scherbarth, Frank; Dernbach, Haiko; Kruse, Friederike; Albrecht, Urs

doi:10.1177/07430402017003003

Cited by 46 publications

(70 citation statements)

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“…per1 induction remained unchanged, and thus produced mainly phase advances. This agrees with the studies of Albrecht et al (2001) and Steinlechner et al (2002) which show that per1 induction by light is important for phase advances and per2 induction by light is important of phase delays. In addition, phase advances and phase delays in the SCN appear to be regulated by different neurotransmitters (Ding et al, 1998).…”

Section: Article In Presssupporting

confidence: 90%

Model based conjectures on mammalian clock controversies

Forger

Peskin

2004

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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Section: Article In Presssupporting

confidence: 90%

Model based conjectures on mammalian clock controversies

Forger

Peskin

2004

Journal of Theoretical Biology

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“…This is consistent in all species examined, regardless of whether the animals are reproductively photoperiodic [91,[97][98][99][100] or not [101][102][103]. The results on other clock genes, including Cry1, Cry2, Bmal1 and clock are less consistent, which could either reflect species difference (rat, Syrian hamster, Siberian hamster) or differences in photoperiodic history or condition [91,99,103].…”

Section: Effect Of Photoperiodssupporting

confidence: 47%

Expression of clock genes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus: Effect of environmental lighting conditions

Yan

2009

Rev Endocr Metab Disord

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The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is the anatomical substrate for the principal circadian clock coordinating daily rhythms in a vast array of behavioral and physiological responses. Individual SCN neurons are cellular oscillators and are organized into a multi-oscillator network following unique spatiotemporal patterns. The rhythms generated in the SCN are generally entrained to the environmental light dark cycle, which is the most salient cue influencing the network organization of the SCN. The neural network in the SCN is a heterogeneous structure, containing two major compartments identified by applying physiological and functional criteria, namely the retinorecipient core region and the highly rhythmic shell region. Changes in the environmental lighting condition are first detected and processed by the core region, and then conveyed to the rest of the SCN, leading to adaptive responses of the entire network. This review will focus on the studies that explore the responses of the SCN network by examining the expression of clock genes, under various lighting paradigms, such as acute light exposure, lighting schedules or exposure to different light durations. The results will be discussed under the framework of functionally distinct SCN sub regions and oscillator groups. The evidence presented here suggests that the environmental lighting conditions alter the spatiotemporal organization of the cellular oscillators within the SCN, which consequently affect the overt rhythms in behavior and physiology. Thus, information on how the SCN network elements respond to environmental cues is key to understanding the human health problems that stem from circadian rhythm disruption.

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“…Several authors have proposed that M and E might be represented by the differently phased transcription of SCN 'clock' genes, the cyclic expression of which are thought to underlie the autoregulatory feedback loops that constitute the core of the circadian oscillatory machinery (Daan et al 2001; see also Hastings & Herzog 2004 for a current review of circadian clock genes). Data on Period 1 (Per1) and Per2 expression patterns of mutant mice in different photoperiods suggest that the two genes might be anchored to morning and evening, respectively (Steinlechner et al 2002). It is not known if photoperiodic effects are a property of individual SCN cells, with their activities compressed and decompressed, or instead emerge from intercellular interactions, with the cells assuming variable phase relations as a function of day length.…”

Section: Photoperiodic Time Measurement (A) Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tracking the seasons: the internal calendars of vertebrates

Paul

Zucker

Schwartz

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B

169

152

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Animals have evolved many season-specific behavioural and physiological adaptations that allow them to both cope with and exploit the cyclic annual environment. Two classes of endogenous annual timekeeping mechanisms enable animals to track, anticipate and prepare for the seasons: a timer that measures an interval of several months and a clock that oscillates with a period of approximately a year. Here, we discuss the basic properties and biological substrates of these timekeeping mechanisms, as well as their reliance on, and encoding of environmental cues to accurately time seasonal events. While the separate classification of interval timers and circannual clocks has elucidated important differences in their underlying properties, comparative physiological investigations, especially those regarding seasonal prolactin secretions, hint at the possibility of common substrates.Keywords: seasonality; photoperiodism; circannual; interval timers While the Earth remaineth, seedtime and harvest, and cold and heat, and summer and winter, and day and night shall not cease.Genesis 8: 22, King James Version (1611) As the Earth makes its yearly orbit around the Sun, the planet's 23.58 axial tilt leads to the cyclical environmental changes that we call the seasons. Recurrent challenges to the survival of organisms and their offspring arise with the dawning of each new season, and animals have evolved seasonally induced changes in phenotype that adapt them to these predictable events. For example, in many temperate environments, winter is generally characterized by severe decreases in ambient temperature and food availability, leading to increased energetic demands at a time when resources are diminished. Because energy requirements of female mammals typically increase markedly during lactation (Bronson 1989) and newly weaned offspring are particularly vulnerable to environmental perturbations (Hill 1992), raising offspring during this time of year is often futile. Thus, many temperate species have evolved winter-specific behaviours and physiology to conserve energy (e.g. hibernation, a more insulative pelage, huddling) or provide for escape (e.g. migration). Many species also increase the chances of offspring survival by timing their mating behaviours so that parturition occurs during energetically favourable times of year.

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Robust Circadian Rhythmicity of Per1 and Per2 Mutant Mice in Constant Light, and Dynamics of Per1 and Per2 Gene Expression under Long and Short Photoperiods

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Model based conjectures on mammalian clock controversies

Model based conjectures on mammalian clock controversies

Expression of clock genes in the suprachiasmatic nucleus: Effect of environmental lighting conditions

Tracking the seasons: the internal calendars of vertebrates

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