This paper investigates the finite-time attitude stabilization problem for rigid spacecraft in the presence of inertia uncertainties and external disturbances. Three nonsingular terminal sliding mode (NTSM) controllers are designed to make the spacecraft system converge to its equilibrium point or a region around its equilibrium point in finite time. In addition, these novel controllers are singularity-free, and the presented adaptive NTSM control (ANTSMC) laws are chattering-free. A rigorous proof of finite-time convergence is developed. The proposed ANTSMC algorithms combine NTSM, adaptation and a constant plus power rate reaching law. Because the algorithms require no information about inertia uncertainties and external disturbances, they can be used in practical systems, where such knowledge is typically unavailable. Simulation results support the theoretical analysis.here, the unit quaternion .q v , q 4 / 2 R 3 R represents the attitude orientation of the spacecraft and satisfies the constraint q T v q v C q 2 4 D 1, where q v WD OEq 1 , q 2 , q 3 T 2 R 3 is the vector part and q 4 2 R is the scalar component. J 2 R 3 3 is the symmetric inertia matrix of the spacecraft, D OE 1 , 2 , 3 T 2 R 3 is the angular velocity of the spacecraft, u 2 R 3 and d 2 R 3 are the control torques and the external unknown disturbances including environmental disturbances, solar radiation and magnetic effects. is an operator on any vector a D OEa 1 a 2 a 3 T . Lemma 3.4 Consider the spacecraft system (1)-(2), for the NTSMS (3) satisfying S.t/ D 0. Then ¹q v .t / Á 0, q 4 .t / Á 1, .t / Á 0º can be reached in finite time.
ProofSee A1 in Appendix.
Assumption 3.1As in [7], we assume that the inertia matrix in (2) is in the form of J D J 0 CJ , where J 0 , selected nonsingular, is the known constant matrix and J denotes the uncertainties satisfying kJ k 6 J ı with J ı > 0 as an unknown upper bound.
Assumption 3.2The external disturbances d.t/ in (2) are assumed to be bounded as kd.t/k 6 d ı , where d ı is an unknown positive constant.