Robust and recoverable dual cross‐linking networks in pressure‐sensitive adhesives

Abstract

Pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSAs) demand the ability to simultaneously improve toughness and adhesion. However, these requirements of PSAs have remained a great challenge because robust and recoverable characteristics are usually contradictory properties of PSAs. Dual cross-linking networks developed by incorporating dynamic noncovalent bonds into chemical cross-linking networks have the potential to mitigate these requirements in a wide variety of applications including adhesives, hydrogels, and elastomers. Herein, a facile approach to achieve dual cross-linking networks of acrylic PSAs with excellent mechanical properties and high-adhesive performance that integrate physically cross-linked networks into chemically cross-linked networks is proposed. Diurethane acrylic monomer-pentaerythritol ethoxylate (DAM-PEEL) groups were introduced into the acrylic PSA system through photopolymerization. The PSA/DAM-PEEL dual cross-linking networks led to the development of the chemically cross-linked networks for both PSA and DAM via covalent bonds and the physically cross-linked networks between the amide groups of DAM and the hydroxyl groups of PEEL via hydrogen bonds. Consequently, the PSA/DAM-PEEL dual cross-linking networks were able to simultaneously improve the modulus and stretchability. This design strategy for developing dual cross-linking networks of materials could offer potential applications for various adhesive-related applications.

Polyelectrolyte-based conductive hydrogels: from theory to applications

“…The other one to increase toughness is to use other polyelectrolytes with equivalent opposite charges to form polyionic complexes with the original hydrogel matrix [46,47] . Huang et al prepared a tough double-network polyelectrolyte complex hydrogel by infiltrating zwitterionic poly(sulfobetaine acrylamide) (PSBAA) into an expanded poly(lysine acrylamide) (PLysAA) network and polymerizing under ultraviolet irradiation [47] . The best properties were found to be 1073 kPa for stress, 459% for strain, and 507 kPa for Young's modulus [47] .…”

Microscopic and Spectroscopic Imaging and Thermal Analysis of Acrylates, Silicones and Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients in Adhesive Transdermal Patches

“…The high release and absorption rate may be retained due to the saturation of the matrix, which occurs in the presence of the coexisting suspended and undissolved fraction of the API, because the solute flux can be proportionally enhanced by increasing the thermodynamic activity of the drug in the vehicle according to the Higuchi equation [ 6 ]. The prediction of an API solubility in a polymer without experimental work is very difficult or impossible, especially taking into consideration the diversity of the polymer chain constructions, even within a single chemical group [ 7 , 8 ].…”

Dual-network hydrogel based on ionic nano-reservoir for gastric perforation sealing

“…The toughness of the hydrogels is another crucial character for their applications in tissue adhesive, espe-cially in the stomach, where they are more prone to violent deformation under physiological conditions. In the past decades, numerous tough hydrogels have been developed based on energy dissipation by breaking sacrificial bonds, such as double-network hydrogels [28][29][30], nanocomposite hydrogels [31][32][33], ionically coordinated hydrogels [34,35], and dual-crosslinked hydrogels [36][37][38]. These strategies have their own advantages and can be utilized after adjustment and specific optimization.…”