“…Significant research efforts have focused on exploring cost-effective catalysts for OER and HER, spanning a wide range of materials, including transition metal alloys, hydroxides, oxyhydroxides, oxides, sulfides, nitrides, selenides, carbides, phosphides, oxysulphides, borides, hydroxide carbonates, hydroxyl phosphates, and various carbon-based materials. 4,6,[8][9][10][11] Given that an alkaline medium is less corrosive compared to strong acidic conditions, considerable attention has been directed towards developing efficient and durable bifunctional electrocatalysts suitable for both the OER and HER in an alkaline environment. In this context, materials based on transition metals from the 3d series hold special significance owing to their low cost, abundance, and facile synthesis.…”