Robust and emergent Physarum logical-computing

Abstract

There have been many attempts for realization of emergent computing, but the notion of emergent computing is still ambiguous. In an open system, emergence and an error cannot be specified distinctly, because they are dependent on the dis-equilibration process between local and global behaviors. To manifest such an aspect, we implement a Boolean gate as a biological device made of slime mold Physarum polycephalum. A Physarum (slime mold) Boolean gate could be an internally instable machine, while it has the potential for emergent computing. First, we examined whether Physarum Boolean gate works properly, and then examined its behaviors when the gate is collapsed in terms of hardware. The behavior of Physarum changes and self-repairing computing is achieved as a result. The self-repairing against internal failure is one of attributes of emergent and robust computing.

Go Games on Plasmodia of Physarum Polycephalum

“…Let this game be pictured in Figure 8. Each Voronoi cell is denoted from S 1,1 to S 18,18 . So, in Figure 8 syllogistic letters S 6,4 , S 7,5 , S 7,6 , S 8,7 , S 8,8 , S 7,9 , S 8,10 , S 6,11 , S 4,9 , S 4,10 are understood as non-empty and syllogistic letters S 4,6 , S 5,6 , S 6,8 , S 6,9 , S 6,10 , S 4,11 , S 7,10 , S 7,12 , S 11,8 , S 12,8 as empty.…”

“…In the performative syllogistic we have the following axioms: (12) ; SeP SaP  (13) ; PaS SaP  (14) ; PiS SiP  (15) ; SeP SaM  (16) ; SeP MaP  (17) ; ) ( SaP SaM MaP   (18) .…”

“…The behavior of plasmodia is very sensitive and intelligent [4], [5], [6], [7], [8], [15], [17], [18], [19]. This behavior can be represented as a bio-inspired game theory on plasmodia [14], i.e.…”

Robot Control: From Silicon Circuitry to Cells

“…Aono recently constructed a novel neural network system driven by a plasmodium [25]. Some of us implemented self-repairing logic gates with plasmodia [26], which leads to another aspect of Physarum polycephalum that is of interest with regard to robot control.…”

Physarum polycephalum: Towards a biological controller

“…The slime mould exhibits some remarkable characteristics that have been exploited by researchers in a plethora of different research areas, including mapping (Tero et al, 2006;Adamatzky and Jones 2010), robotic control (Tsuda et al, 2007), maze solving (Nakagaki et al, 2000) and possibly computing and logic gates (Tsuda et al, 2004;Adamatzky and Schubert, 2014).…”