Robust and blind image watermarking in DCT domain using inter-block coefficient correlation

Ko, Hung-Jui; Huang, Cheng-Ta; Horng, Gwoboa; Wang, Shiuh-Jeng

doi:10.1016/j.ins.2019.11.005

Cited by 103 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…We used the algorithms described in papers [31,34,37] for embedding. These are state-of-the-art robust watermarking algorithms, characterized by increased resistance to JPEG compression, which is most commonly used when converting documents to PDF.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are state-of-the-art robust watermarking algorithms, characterized by increased resistance to JPEG compression, which is most commonly used when converting documents to PDF. The algorithm from [31] is an example of spatial domain embedding, and [34] and [37] are examples of frequency domain embedding. A more detailed description of these works is given in Section 2.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent years, most researchers dealt with DCT and DWT. For example, the authors of [34] hide a watermark in the mid-frequency DCT coefficients of digital images. The authors embed watermark bits in 8x8 blocks.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Authorship Protection Technology for Electronic Documents Based on Image Watermarking

2020

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In the field of information technology, information security technologies hold a special place. They ensure the security of the use of information technology. One of the urgent tasks is the protection of electronic documents during their transfer in information systems, including smart systems. This paper proposes a technology for protecting electronic documents containing digital images. The main idea is that the electronic document authorship can be protected by embedding digital watermarks in the images that are contained in this document. The paper considers three cases of using the proposed technology: full copying of an electronic document, copying of images contained in the document, and copying of text. It is shown that in all three cases, the authorship confirmation can be successfully implemented. Some areas of the proposed technology application are described, including augmented reality applications. Computational experiments are conducted with robust watermarking algorithms that can be used within the technology. A scenario of technology implementation is proposed which provides for the joint use of different class algorithms.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Authorship Protection Technology for Electronic Documents Based on Image Watermarking

2020

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“…Thakur, S. et al (Thakur et al, 2020) incorporated DWT and SVD hamming code and chaotic encryption to perform encryption during watermark embedding. Ko, H. J. et al (Ko et al, 2020) used inter-block correlation to find suitable carrier blocks for attaching watermark contents.…”

Section: Related Work and Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Hybrid Digital Image Watermarking Scheme Incorporating DWT, DFT, DCT and SVD Transformations

Varghese

Razak²,

Hussain

et al. 2021

JER is an international, peer-reviewed journal that publishes f

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Digital watermarking provides copyright protection and proof of ownership by inserting watermark metadata as owner’s identity in digital documents to prevent authenticity and copyright violations. The paper introduces a new hybrid image watermarking scheme by attaching multiple copies of watermarks in carrier image. The new scheme utilizes the advantages of DWT, DFT, DCT and SVD transformations to offer stable resistance in protecting watermark contents from various external attacks. The proposed scheme uses Haar wavelet, Fourier, Onion Peel Decomposition, DCT, zigzag ordering and SVD transforms to decompose the carrier image in to four levels to maintain imperceptibility in the watermarked images. The algorithm attaches replicas of watermark frequency blocks in all frequency components of host image to provide better robustness against external deprivations in watermarked images. The proposed algorithm also provides the increased probability of extracting at least one undamaged replica of watermark even when other frequencies are damaged by external attacks. The improved experimental results of the proposed scheme in terms of visual analysis and quantitative metrics on different images with different experimental set up demarcate that the proposed watermarking scheme provides stable performance in generating better watermarked images. It is experimentally found that the new scheme produces high quality watermarked images with an average of 7.62% lesser Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and increased Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Mean Structural Similarity Index Measure (MSSIM) and Feature Similarity Index Measure (FSIM) of 5.02 %, 4.37 %, and 2.37 % respectively than the next best algorithms when simulated with 20 sets of watermark and cover images. The watermark images extracted by the proposed algorithm from extremely distorted watermarked images are with better visual and objective values than other methods used in the comparative study. Simulation analysis on 20 sets of watermark and cover images with 30 types of potential attacks reveals that the extracted watermark images through the proposed scheme produces an average of 5.62%, 6.37%, 5.75% improved Pearson Correlation Coefficients (PCC), Number of Changing Pixel Rate (NPCR) and the Unified Averaged Changed Intensity (UACI) values respectively than the next best algorithms used in the comparative study.

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“…In addition to the general orthogonal transform properties of DCT, the basis vector of its transform matrix can well describe the relevant features of image signals and human voice signals. Therefore, DCT is considered to be a quasioptimal tool for transforming image and voice signals and is widely used in various fields such as media compression [1]- [3], digital watermarking [4]- [6], and wireless communication [7,8]. 2D-DCT can directly transform two-dimensional data, so it is quite suitable for the analysis and processing of two-dimensional signals, such as static images.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Outsourcing of 2D-DCT and 2D-IDCT

Zhang

et al. 2020

Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing

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As a subset of discrete Fourier transform (DFT), discrete cosine transform (DCT), especially two-dimensional discrete cosine transform (2D-DCT), is an important mathematical tool for digital signal processing. However, the computational complexity of 2D-DCT is quite high, which makes it impossible to meet the requirements in some signal processing fields with large signal sizes. In addition, to optimize the 2D-DCT algorithm itself, seeking help from a cloud platform is considered to be an excellent alternative to dramatically speeding up 2D-DCT operations. Still, there are three key challenges in cloud computing outsourcing that need to be addressed, including protecting the privacy of input and output data, ensuring the correctness of the returned results, and ensuring adequate local cost savings. In this paper, we explore the design of a practical outsourcing protocol for 2D-DCT and 2D-IDCT, which well solves the above three challenges. Both theoretical analysis and simulation experiment results not only confirm the feasibility of the proposed protocol but also show its outstanding performance in efficiency.

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Robust and blind image watermarking in DCT domain using inter-block coefficient correlation

Cited by 103 publications

References 16 publications

An Authorship Protection Technology for Electronic Documents Based on Image Watermarking

An Authorship Protection Technology for Electronic Documents Based on Image Watermarking

A Hybrid Digital Image Watermarking Scheme Incorporating DWT, DFT, DCT and SVD Transformations

Efficient and Privacy-Preserving Outsourcing of 2D-DCT and 2D-IDCT

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