“…As a type of advanced mechatronic system, robot manipulators have attracted intensive research attention, especially for the control strategies (Anjum et al, 2021; Rahmani et al, 2020; Sun et al, 2019; Zhang et al, 2021). State-of-the-art control schemes such as sliding mode control (SMC), backstepping control, and soft computing methods have been widely used in the robot control field (Chen et al, 2019; Ma et al, 2022; Rad et al, 2020; Xu et al, 2014). However, with the increasing requirements of lightweight, flexibility, high tracking accuracy, and fast convergence, the design of control schemes has brought great importance to the disposal of adaptive capability with the modeling uncertainties, time-varying parametric, and extraneous disturbances under ambient working environment.…”