“…In recent years, various adaptive approaches have been proposed for controlling unknown nonaffine nonlinear systems, in which the control input does not appears linearly in the system state equation (i.e. x · = f ( x , u ) ) (Doudou and Khaber, 2012, 2019; Esfandiari et al, 2015; Jia et al, 2019, 2020; Molavi et al, 2017; Shi et al, 2017; Sun and Pan, 2017; Wu et al, 2016, 2020; Zhang et al, 2019, Zhao and Gao, 2015; Zhou et al, 2015). In Jia et al (2019, 2020), backstepping and dynamic surface control (DSC) methods are used to developed the controller, respectively.…”