Robots Racialized in the Likeness of Marginalized Social Identities are Subject to Greater Dehumanization than those racialized as White

Strait, Megan; Ramos, Ana Sánchez; Contreras, Virginia; García, Noemi de Haro

doi:10.1109/roman.2018.8525610

Cited by 24 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…Their aim was to assess whether the same kind of marginalising and dehumanising commentary that is applied to real people of colour would be applied to these robots. They found that the valence of the commentary was significantly more negative towards the Black robot than towards the White or Asian ones and that both the Asian and Black robots were subject to over twice as many dehumanising comments as the White robot (Strait et al 2018).…”

Section: Machines Can Be Racialisedmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Whiteness of AI

2020

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This paper focuses on the fact that AI is predominantly portrayed as white—in colour, ethnicity, or both. We first illustrate the prevalent Whiteness of real and imagined intelligent machines in four categories: humanoid robots, chatbots and virtual assistants, stock images of AI, and portrayals of AI in film and television. We then offer three interpretations of the Whiteness of AI, drawing on critical race theory, particularly the idea of the White racial frame. First, we examine the extent to which this Whiteness might simply reflect the predominantly White milieus from which these artefacts arise. Second, we argue that to imagine machines that are intelligent, professional, or powerful is to imagine White machines because the White racial frame ascribes these attributes predominantly to White people. Third, we argue that AI racialised as White allows for a full erasure of people of colour from the White utopian imaginary. Finally, we examine potential consequences of the racialisation of AI, arguing it could exacerbate bias and misdirect concern.

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Section: Machines Can Be Racialisedmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Whiteness of AI

2020

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“…People also more readily dehumanize robots racialized in the likeness of marginalized social identities than those racialized White [174]. As such, people with racist behavioral biases represented similar racist biases while interacting with humanlike RPS or VPS systems of a similar race.…”

Section: Uncanny Valleymentioning

confidence: 99%

Facial Expression Modeling and Synthesis for Patient Simulator Systems: Past, Present, and Future

Pourebadi

Riek

2022

ACM Trans. Comput. Healthcare

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Clinical educators have used robotic and virtual patient simulator systems (RPS) for dozens of years, to help clinical learners (CL) gain key skills to help avoid future patient harm. These systems can simulate human physiological traits; however, they have static faces and lack the realistic depiction of facial cues, which limits CL engagement and immersion. In this article, we provide a detailed review of existing systems in use, as well as describe the possibilities for new technologies from the human–robot interaction and intelligent virtual agents communities to push forward the state of the art. We also discuss our own work in this area, including new approaches for facial recognition and synthesis on RPS systems, including the ability to realistically display patient facial cues such as pain and stroke. Finally, we discuss future research directions for the field.

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“…A robot's assignment as an in-group or out-group member also afects anthropomorphism, even when robots are identical [7,21]. There is also evidence that other outgroup factors, like sexism and racism, carry over to robots [39].…”

Section: Behavioral Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Death of a Robot

Carter

Reig

Tan

et al. 2020

Proceedings of the 2020 ACM/IEEE International Conference on Human-Robot Interaction

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People take to social media to share their thoughts, joys, and sorrows. A recent popular trend has been to support and mourn people and pets that have died as well as other objects that have sufered catastrophic damage. As several popular robots have been discontinued, including the Opportunity Rover, Jibo, and Kuri, we are interested in how language used to mourn these robots compares to that to mourn people, animals, and other objects. We performed a study in which we asked participants to categorize deidentifed Twitter reactions as referencing the death of a person, an animal, a robot, or another object. Most reactions were labeled as being about humans, which suggests that people use similar language to describe feelings for animate and inanimate entities. We used a natural language toolkit to analyze language from a larger set of tweets. A majority of tweets about Opportunity included second-person ("you") and gendered third-person pronouns (she/he versus it), but terms like "R.I.P" were reserved almost exclusively for humans and animals. Our fndings suggest that people verbally mourn robots similarly to living things, but reserve some language for people. CCS CONCEPTS • Human-centered computing → Empirical Studies in HCI.

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Robots Racialized in the Likeness of Marginalized Social Identities are Subject to Greater Dehumanization than those racialized as White

Cited by 24 publications

References 51 publications

The Whiteness of AI

The Whiteness of AI

Facial Expression Modeling and Synthesis for Patient Simulator Systems: Past, Present, and Future

Death of a Robot

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