Robots and Artificial Intelligence in Health Care

Kerr, Ian R.; Millar, Jason; Corriveau, Noel

doi:10.2139/ssrn.3395890

Cited by 5 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…The report recommends the introduction of two new human rights: (1) the right not to be measured, analysed or coached (in relation to possible AI misuse, data collection) and (2) the right to meaningful human contact (in relation to possible misuse, intentional or unintentional, of robots providing care). 28 The authors of this study believe that the public debate on the various dimensions of human rights algorithms lags behind technological developments and needs to be strengthened rapidly to ensure that human rights and individuals' interests are effectively and sustainably protected in accordance with the values set out in the European Convention on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and other international human rights treaties. The aim of policy makers must be to ensure that these technologies are used in accordance with the principle of "human superiority" and that our increasingly technology-oriented societies are designed to effectively enforce and exploit the rights of all human beings.…”

Section: International Initiatives In the Field Of Artificial Intellimentioning

confidence: 99%

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Ethical and Legal Aspects of the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health and Nursing Care

Bakošová¹

2020

STUDIA IURIDICA Cassoviensia

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The aim of this paper is to analyse current approaches and perspectives on the development of ethical and legal regulation of artificial intelligence with special regard to its use in health and nursing care. Inextricably linked to this is an analysis of current international and national binding legislation, as well as legally non-binding instruments designed for artificial intelligence developers, manufacturers and users. In addition to the positive benefits of artificial intelligence in health and nursing care, we point out the ethical and legal aspects of its use, such as the legal personality of artificial intelligence, patients' right to privacy, personal data protection and civil liability for damage caused by artificial intelligence. We place the main emphasis on the legislation of the European Union, which has a direct impact on the national legislation of the Slovak Republic. ABSTRAKT Cieľom tohto príspevku je analyzovať aktuálne prístupy a pohľady na vývoj etickej a právnej úpravy umelej inteligencie s osobitným zreteľom na jej použitie v zdravotnej a ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti. S tým je neodmysliteľne spojená analýza súčasnej medzinárodnej a vnútroštátnej právne záväznej úpravy, ako aj právne nezáväzných nástrojov, ktoré sú určené pre vývojárov, výrobcov a užívateľov umelej inteligencie. Okrem pozitívneho prínosu umelej inteligencie v zdravotnej a ošetrovateľskej starostlivosti poukážeme na etické a právne aspekty jej použitia, akými sú právna subjektivita umelej inteligencie, právo pacientov na súkromie, ochrana osobných údajov a občianskoprávna zodpovednosť za ujmu spôsobenú umelou inteligenciou. Hlavný dôraz kladieme na právne predpisy Európskej únie, ktoré majú priamy dosah na vnútroštátnu úpravu Slovenskej republiky.

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Section: International Initiatives In the Field Of Artificial Intellimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1.1 -1.5.Online: https://legalinstruments.oecd.org/en/instruments/OECD-LEGAL-0449. 28 founded. These values include respect for human dignity, freedom, solidarity, democracy, equality, the rule of law and respect for human rights, including the rights of persons belonging to minorities.…”

Section: The Role Of the European Union In The Field Of Artificial Inmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ethical and Legal Aspects of the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health and Nursing Care

Bakošová¹

2020

STUDIA IURIDICA Cassoviensia

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“…Perhaps an argument could be made for embodiment pertaining to exoskeletons, prosthetics, and surgical robots because they could be perceived as literally being embodied by the human operators who merge with the machines (Kerr et al, 2017). Physically assistive, wearable robots can enhance the lives of amputees and those living with disabilities, and work symbiotically with surgeons to improve patients' health outcomes (Laroche, 2023;Zemmar et al, 2020).…”

Section: Journal Of Practical Nurse Education and Practice Volume 3 I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Practice Implications of the Increasing use of AI in Healthcare – A Reflective Contemplation with a Relational Ethics Lens

2023

JPNEP

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There is an increasing use of machines that use artificial intelligence (AI) in the healthcare setting. Given the current shortages in human resources, the idea of care robots and other AI supportive systems is an emerging potential solution. However, AI such as care robots may pose the question of whether the notion of care is compatible with designs that focus on data and efficiencies. In this paper, I endeavour to examine the application of AI such as care robots and use relational ethics to anchor the discussion. I invite readers to contemplate some legal, ethical, and social implications regarding the use of AI in healthcare. In addition, I am offering some practice implications that could be relevant in the healthcare setting. I wrote with a reflective approach. It is my position that the application of relational ethics is appropriate when we consider using AI in healthcare because if AI such as care robots are to care for humans, then its functions should have relational elements.

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“…The general debate on AI in healthcare has identified a great variety of legal issues concerning, inter alia, intellectual property (IP), privacy and data protection (Ford and Price, 2016), product safety and cybersecurity (Tschider, 2018), liability risks due to negligence claims (Kerr et al, 2017;Price et al, 2021Price et al, , 2019, and, more specifically, the applicability of medical device regulation (Gerke, Minssen, et al, 2020;Kiseleva, 2019). On a more general level, even tax, trade, and non-discrimination laws need to be observed (Puaschunder, 2019).…”

Section: Legal Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

On Assessing Trustworthy AI in Healthcare. Machine Learning as a Supportive Tool to Recognize Cardiac Arrest in Emergency Calls

et al. 2021

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Artificial Intelligence (AI) has the potential to greatly improve the delivery of healthcare and other services that advance population health and wellbeing. However, the use of AI in healthcare also brings potential risks that may cause unintended harm. To guide future developments in AI, the High-Level Expert Group on AI set up by the European Commission (EC), recently published ethics guidelines for what it terms “trustworthy” AI. These guidelines are aimed at a variety of stakeholders, especially guiding practitioners toward more ethical and more robust applications of AI. In line with efforts of the EC, AI ethics scholarship focuses increasingly on converting abstract principles into actionable recommendations. However, the interpretation, relevance, and implementation of trustworthy AI depend on the domain and the context in which the AI system is used. The main contribution of this paper is to demonstrate how to use the general AI HLEG trustworthy AI guidelines in practice in the healthcare domain. To this end, we present a best practice of assessing the use of machine learning as a supportive tool to recognize cardiac arrest in emergency calls. The AI system under assessment is currently in use in the city of Copenhagen in Denmark. The assessment is accomplished by an independent team composed of philosophers, policy makers, social scientists, technical, legal, and medical experts. By leveraging an interdisciplinary team, we aim to expose the complex trade-offs and the necessity for such thorough human review when tackling socio-technical applications of AI in healthcare. For the assessment, we use a process to assess trustworthy AI, called 1Z-Inspection® to identify specific challenges and potential ethical trade-offs when we consider AI in practice.

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Robots and Artificial Intelligence in Health Care

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Ethical and Legal Aspects of the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health and Nursing Care

Ethical and Legal Aspects of the Use of Artificial Intelligence in Health and Nursing Care

Practice Implications of the Increasing use of AI in Healthcare – A Reflective Contemplation with a Relational Ethics Lens

On Assessing Trustworthy AI in Healthcare. Machine Learning as a Supportive Tool to Recognize Cardiac Arrest in Emergency Calls

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