Robotic Technology in Operating Rooms: a Review

Abstract

Purpose of Review With the rapid growth and development of robotic technology, its implementation in medical fields has also been significantly increasing, with the transition from the period of mainly using surgical robots to the era with combinations of multiple types of robots. Therefore, this paper introduces the newest robotic systems and technology applied in operating rooms as well as their architectures for integration. Recent Findings Besides surgical robots, other types of robotic devices and machines such as diagnostic and treatment devices with robotic operating tables, robotic microscopes, and assistant robots for surgeons emerge one after another, improving the quality of surgery from different aspects. With the increasing number and type of robots, their integration platforms are also proposed and being spread. Summary This review paper presents state-of-the-art robot-related technology in the operating room. Robotic platforms and robot components which appeared in the last decade are described. In addition, system architectures for the integration of robots as well as other devices in operating rooms are also introduced and compared.

Comprehensive Study of Mobile Assistance Systems and Their Potential Application Areas in Operating Theatres

“…To summarise the literature review: MAS would assist with hospitals' operational tasks such as fetching and bringing material [4,5,[13][14][15], cleaning [15], and patient handling [2].…”

“…Transport of laundry, waste, clothes, recyclables, sterile goods, samples, and medicine in practice [4,5,[13][14][15] Support of cleaning and disinfection processes [15] MAS assist the scrub nurse or circulating nurse during patient visits or patient handling [2] Stationary assistance systems such as surgical robots that support minimally invasive surgery are in daily use in practice [12,16,17] Enhancing stationary assistance systems such as robotic microscopes, robotic armrests, and robotic scrub nurses are currently being researched [4] Remote assistance of surgeons during surgery is being researched [3,12,18] Simulation of MAS as a circulating nurse is being researched [1,19,20] To summarise, MAS in hospitals assist with operational tasks such as fetching and bringing material [4,5,[13][14][15], cleaning [15], and patient handling [2]. In the operating theatre, stationary operational tasks during surgery are used in practice and are being enhanced in research.…”

“…While MAS have already been deployed in hospitals, applications in operating theatres have not yet been sufficiently investigated. MAS promise to relieve personnel of burdensome health issues, repetitive tasks, and highstress procedures in the operating theatre [2][3][4]. Therefore, the application of MAS has the potential to overcome personnel shortages by improving the working conditions of nurses and surgical personnel.…”

Bounded Future MS-TCN++ for surgical gesture recognition

“…It may assist in an automatic surgical video summarizing [2,20], progress monitoring [26], and the prediction of remaining surgery duration [32]. The development of robotic scrub nurses also depends on the automatic analysis of surgical video data [14,30]. In addition, video data is used for the assessment of surgical skills [10,3,9] and identifying errors [15,24,23].…”

How a Robotic Visualization System Can Facilitate Targeted Muscle Reinnervation

“…[7][8][9][10] Robotic microscopes are available from different manufacturers with different features, for example, voice control. 11 The common goal is to enhance surgical performance through revelation of more details with better image resolution and depth perception. However, the application of robotic-assisted methods in surgery is still in its infancy, and as a result, it is still limited.…”