“…Today, UAVs have been adopted widely in crop farming monitoring, ground robotic vehicles are also developed rapidly for different scenarios of soil moisture, pH, fertility monitoring and climate conditions monitoring, crop plant diseases and insect pests monitoring, growth and yield monitoring, etc. (Table 2) [8] Soil and crop growth monitoring Ground 4-wheeled vehicle Stereo camera, GPS Fluorescence, infrared thermography [9] Soil monitoring All-terrain vehicle --2 visual cameras, VIS-NIR sensor, thermal camera, IMU [10] Soiland climate monitoring 4-wheeled vehicle --Soil moisture level sensor, weather station [11] Crop growth monitoring High clearance swather RTK-GPS 4 ultrasonic sensors, 2 crop circle sensors, 2 infrared thermometers, 2 RGB cameras [12] Crop and environment monitoring 4-wheeled small tank Teleoperated, solar sensor Infrared camera, 2 laser scanner, temperature and humidity sensor [13] Scholz et al [8] developed an automatic soil penetrometer, which was integrated into an autonomous mobile robot named Bonirob, field measurements have been performed by using the robot in two modes: a "manual mode", where the user controls the system via a remote control panel, and an "automatic mode" where the robot acts completely automatic. The European Union VineRobot project involves eight partner groups from the wine-making countries of France, Italy, Germany, and Spain, have developed an autonomous robot that will measure vineyard parameters (vegetative growth, grape yield, grape composition, and soil moisture) on-the-go in a non-invasive way to help winemaking decisions [9,10] .…”