Robotic process automation and artificial intelligence capabilities driving digital strategy: a resource-based view

Abstract

PurposeResearch of currently limited literature sees Robotic Process Automation (RPA) as an important tool at the tactical level. However, the literature has not considered its potential contribution to creating competitive advantages. This paper aims to link RPA and Resource-based view (RBV) literature, proposing a conceptual framework boosting RPA research as part of an organizational AI strategy.Design/methodology/approach This study applied a Systematic Literature Review (SRL), combining bibliometrics and content analysis. This study also built a new framework based on the updated RBV model that was transformed based on the RPA literature review results.Findings By bridging the two bodies of literature on RBV and RPA, this study manages to show the strategic side of the technology. Therefore, this study brought to light the most updated fundamental concepts of complementarity and scale-free fungible resources from RBV theory and AI technologies, applied to the domains of RPA, information systems and information technology (IS/IT) through the development of a new theoretical lens. Also, this study was able to elaborate on a new conceptual framework for AI strategy formulation to help organizations on their journey to AI utilization.Originality/value The authors did not find any research that has shown the strategic side of RPA, nor any that has used a theoretical lens based on the RBV theory to show this side. To the best of the author’s knowledge, this study seems to be the first to make the case for RPA's strategic potential.

Robotic process automation and AI

“…By examining existing processes and optimizing redundancies, a firm can garner a competitive edge and create a business adaptable to future radical technologies. In the work by Moderno et al (2023) the authors find that beginning with this technology and combining it with existing resources will optimize firms, as well as create a path to a technical competitive edge in the future.…”

“…In their empirical work, Moderno et al (2023) found that combining robotic process automation with existing business infrastructure improves not only efficiency and productivity, but also the IT system itself. By adding this resource, firms will begin a continuous process of developing further resources and knowledge to incorporate more advanced technologies at a more rapid rate in a cumulative process.…”

“…Moderno et al (2023) found that firms that adapted robotic process automation had significantly fewer errors and had documents processed much faster, enabling employees to work on processes that created far more value. While robotic process automation has little strength alone, its combination with existing business resources makes this system a crucial stepping stone for firms to modernize, becoming a business strategy rather than a mere tool or resource.…”

“…A firm is expected to optimize in the modern market to maintain a competitive edge. In the article by Moderno et al (2023) the authors examine robotic process automation and its link to firm competitive advantage through a resource-based view.…”