Robert Baker: The Structure of Moral Revolutions: Studies of Changes in the Morality of Abortion, Death, and the Bioethics Revolution

Lane, Benedict

doi:10.1007/s10677-022-10304-w

Cited by 7 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 1 publication

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“…The result of conceptual revolutions (but also reforms sometimes) may be that the new system is difficult to translate back to the old system, which may lead to a form of incommensurability (Baker, 2019; Kuhn, 1962). This will give rise to a problem in communication with others who did not undergo such dramatic changes as we will see below, which makes conceptual revolutions especially interesting from a PP perspective.…”

Section: Ce As Model Assessment Revision and Enactmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual engineering, predictive processing, and a new implementation problem

Löhr

Michel

2023

Mind & Language

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According to predictive processing, an increasingly influential paradigm in cognitive science, the function of the brain is to minimize the prediction error of its sensory input. Conceptual engineering is the practice of assessing and changing concepts or word meanings. We contribute to both strands of research by proposing the first cognitive account of conceptual engineering, using the predictive processing framework. Our model reveals a new kind of implementation problem as prediction errors are only minimized if enough agents embrace conceptual changes. This problem can be overcome by emphasizing the importance of social norms and conceptual pluralism.

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Section: Ce As Model Assessment Revision and Enactmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conceptual engineering, predictive processing, and a new implementation problem

Löhr

Michel

2023

Mind & Language

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“…Lastly, it could be worthwhile for philosophers interested in moral change to take seriously the idea that values are adaptive and flexible. For instance, Anthony Kwame Appiah's account of moral change regarding honor (Appiah, 2011) and Robert Baker's theory of moral change (Baker, 2019) could be combined with sociological ideas about the adaptive nature of values.…”

Section: Sociology and Philosophymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Bridge Between Disciplines

Steinert

2023

Interdisciplinary Value Theory

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Previous chapters considered value theories of psychology, sociology, anthropology, and philosophy. These disciplines can benefit and learn from one another, and closer interaction between disciplines will lead to better value theory. To facilitate an interdisciplinary understanding of value, this chapter will highlight the overlap between the different disciplines and what they can learn from one another. Each section of this chapter compares two disciplines and highlights overlaps, similarities, and differences. The hope is that this constructive comparison will build a bridge between disciplines, which helps to advance the theory development within the disciplines and brings theoretical blind spots into focus. Bringing disciplines together is the first step towards crossing disciplinary boundaries, resolving conceptual differences, and increasing interdisciplinary communication.

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“…For examples of the latter, consider the value of chastity, which has lost much of its moral significance in the Western world since the sexual revolution of the 1960s (Hopster et al, forthcoming). Or consider bastardy, which was heavily moralized until the early twentieth century in England (Baker, 2019), but has arguably become entirely devoid of moral significance in English society today. A further dimension of moralization is the objectification of moral issues (Hopster and Klenk, 2020;Wright, 2021), which can similarly shift as time passes.…”

Section: Realistic Possibilities: a Historicist Approachmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Taking a broader look at history, moral change abounds and manifests itself on various time-scales. As a result, researchers from multiple fields have taken an interest in the topic, scrutinizing, for instance, the evolutionary roots of moral cooperation (Boehm, 2012;Tomasello, 2016;Sterelny, 2021), the sociobiological and material pressures that have shaped moral systems throughout human history (Kitcher, 2011;Morris, 2015;Buchanan and Powell, 2017) as well as the moral revolutions that have occurred over the last few centuries (Appiah, 2010;Pleasants, 2018;Baker, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Future value change: Identifying realistic possibilities and risks

Hopster¹

2022

PROM

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The co-shaping of technology and values is a topic of increasing interest among philosophers of technology. Part of this interest pertains to anticipating future value change, or what Danaher (2021) calls the investigation of ‘axiological futurism’. However, this investigation faces a challenge: ‘axiological possibility space’ is vast, and we currently lack a clear account of how this space should be demarcated. It stands to reason that speculations about how values might change over time should exclude farfetched possibilities and be restricted to possibilities that can be dubbed realistic. But what does this realism criterion entail? This article introduces the notion of ‘realistic possibilities’ as a key conceptual advancement to the study of axiological futurism and offers suggestions as to how realistic possibilities of future value change might be identified. Additionally, two slight modifications to the approach of axiological futurism are proposed. First, axiological futurism can benefit from a more thoroughly historicized understanding of moral change. Secondly, when employed in service of normative aims, the axiological futurist should pay specific attention to identifying realistic possibilities that come with substantial normative risks.

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Robert Baker: The Structure of Moral Revolutions: Studies of Changes in the Morality of Abortion, Death, and the Bioethics Revolution

Cited by 7 publications

References 1 publication

Conceptual engineering, predictive processing, and a new implementation problem

Conceptual engineering, predictive processing, and a new implementation problem

A Bridge Between Disciplines

Future value change: Identifying realistic possibilities and risks

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