Roadmapping towards industrial digitalization based on an Industry 4.0 maturity model for manufacturing enterprises

Schumacher, Andreas; Nemeth, Tanja; Sihn, Wilfried

doi:10.1016/j.procir.2019.02.110

Cited by 191 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…In particular, the three papers provide detailed step-by-step explanation of how analyses of situated entropy in psychomotor work can be carried to out to guide engineering of work setting, work composition, and work uncertainty. This focus on heuristic modelling-situated entropy to inform analyses of complexity in the cyber domain and the physical domain is increasingly relevant, because there is increasing digitalization in the production of physical goods involving psychomotor work [ 70 , 71 , 93 , 94 , 95 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As is appropriate for production systems that combine the digital and the physical [ 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 ], we express work complexity as corresponding number of microstates in the cyber domain and in the physical domain [ 20 ]. For example, as shown in Figure 4 , if task complexity in the cyber domain is 1.65, task complexity in the physical domain is 3.14, compared to the zero complexity of there being only one way to carry out the task [ 20 ].…”

Section: Heuristic Modelling Of Effects On External Actions (mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Variational Principle of Least Psychomotor Action: Modelling Effects on Action from Disturbances in Psychomotor Work Involving Human, Cyborg, and Robot Workers

Fox

Kotelba

2019

Entropy

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Optimal psychomotor work can be expressed in terms of the principle of least psychomotor action (PLPA). Modelling psychomotor action encompasses modelling workers, work, and interactions between them that involve different types of situated entropy. Modelling of psychomotor workers encompasses three types of workers: human, cyborg, and robot. The type of worker and the type of work interact to affect positioning actions, performing actions, and perfecting actions undertaken in psychomotor tasks. There are often disturbances in psychomotor work, for example due to weather conditions, which have a determining influence on what work can be undertaken with least psychomotor action by different types of workers. In this paper, findings are reported from a study focused on the modelling disturbances in psychomotor work. Five contributions are provided. First, a heuristic framework for modelling disturbances and their effects is provided. In addition to PLPA and situated entropy, this framework encompasses Markov processes, the theory of perturbations, and calculus of variations. Second, formulae and ratios are provided for heuristic modelling of effects on internal action (S int ) from disturbances to psychomotor work. Third, formulae and ratios are provided for heuristic modelling of effects on external action (S e ). Fourth, examples are provided of heuristic modelling of disturbances in psychomotor work. Fifth, formulae and examples show how task complexity can be modelled heuristically in terms of microstates across the cyber domain and the physical domain of cyber-physical systems. Overall, the study reported in this paper addresses variational aspects of PLPA. Entropy 2019, 21, 543 2 of 26examples are provided of heuristic modelling of disturbances in psychomotor work. Fifth, examples show how task complexity can be modelled heuristically in terms of microstates across the cyber domain and the physical domain of cyber-physical systems. Together, these contributions enable heuristic modelling of effects from disturbances on interactions between diverse psychomotor work and workers: rather than on autonomous systems [1][2][3][4].The study reported here builds upon research reported in two previous papers in Entropy. The first paper [5] provided an explanation of how resources for physical production work, such as work instructions, product components, and workstations, can be carriers of situated information, and also carriers of various types of situated entropy. The second paper [6] expanded upon this [5] by generalizing from examples to the three categories of work setting, work composition, and work uncertainty, and to three aspects of worker action: positioning, performing, and perfecting. In addition, details were provided about the state-of-the-art for psychomotor capabilities of human, cyborgs, and robot workers. Moreover, the principle of least psychomotor action (PLPA) was introduced as follows: the preferred combination of worker types is that which can carry out psychomotor work with the least internal ...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Heuristic Modelling Of Effects On External Actions (mentioning

confidence: 99%

Variational Principle of Least Psychomotor Action: Modelling Effects on Action from Disturbances in Psychomotor Work Involving Human, Cyborg, and Robot Workers

Fox

Kotelba

2019

Entropy

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“…Survey validated by a case study [54] Aims [63,69] Aims to identify the state of the art in road mapping for the implementation of the Industry 4.0 model and maturity models. The research revealed two main approaches, holistic and specific.…”

Section: Description Methodsologies Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Literature Search of Key Factors for the Development of Generic and Specific Maturity Models for Industry 4.0

Jesus

Lima

2020

Applied Sciences

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The adequacy of business models to Industry 4.0 (I4.0) is an urgent requirement and a clear concern. Ways to recognize the relative position of a company and ways to evolve towards this new paradigm are an important step both for researchers and professionals. In general, most small and medium enterprises (SME) do not have their own resources or do not have the means to be fully supported by consultancies, to develop a specific model, and they do not recognize themselves as ready to initiate any action to adapt to this new paradigm. Based on the idea of identification of directions and opportunities of research about the conditions for the adoption of approaches involving readiness assessment, implementation framework, roadmap and maturity model, the main objective of this article is the identification of factors for the development of specific maturity models, oriented towards unique conditions, located in specific contexts, and that can cover both the need for self-diagnosis of the level of preparation, as well as the actions that aim to achieve a progressive reconfiguration and guided by continuous improvement towards Industry 4.0. A Systematic Literature Review (SLR) of 67 articles was conducted and resulted in the identification of two approaches to address maturity models, which are the application of existing generic models and the process of building specific ones focused on the peculiarities of certain contexts. Moreover, this work points out five factors for development of a specific maturity model: context characterization, conceptual characterization, interaction with practitioners and experts, development of surveys, and qualitative research. Additionally, this work identified the need for development of methodologies that can be applied in a more autonomous way for the development of specific maturity models.

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“…Digital readiness and digital impact of the emerging technologies on the output of a company are proposed as symptoms of maturity [8] and may be used in a twodimensional analysis of clusters without differentiation of particular levels or archetypes of maturity. Several research works include instruments of road mapping the digitization process on the basis of comparative analysis [9,10]. Thus, the levels of maturity are often evaluated not only as characteristics of an achieved state of digitization.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methods of developing digital maturity models for manufacturing companies

et al. 2020

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The research is aimed at analyzing the existing models of digital maturity. The literature review shows that there is scarce information about the theoretical and methodological basis for differentiation of the maturity levels. Most of the evaluation approaches are focused either on digital readiness, or the digital dividends and road mapping. There is a necessity for developing a comprehensive approach to maturity measurement. Hierarchy analysis is proposed as a useful tool for evaluating digital maturity in manufacturing companies. Free software has made the method acceptable in practice. Hierarchy models have been developed for several manufacturing companies to evaluate the digital maturity score and to analyze possible managerial strategies of digitization.

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Roadmapping towards industrial digitalization based on an Industry 4.0 maturity model for manufacturing enterprises

Cited by 191 publications

References 17 publications

Variational Principle of Least Psychomotor Action: Modelling Effects on Action from Disturbances in Psychomotor Work Involving Human, Cyborg, and Robot Workers

Variational Principle of Least Psychomotor Action: Modelling Effects on Action from Disturbances in Psychomotor Work Involving Human, Cyborg, and Robot Workers

Literature Search of Key Factors for the Development of Generic and Specific Maturity Models for Industry 4.0

Methods of developing digital maturity models for manufacturing companies

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