Roadmap for Rare-earth Quantum Computing

Kinos, Adam; Hunger, David; Kolesov, Roman; Mølmer, Klaus; Riedmatten, Hugues de; Goldner, Philippe; Tallaire, Alexandre; Morvan, Loïc; Berger, Perrine; Welinski, Sacha; Karraï, K.; Rippe, Lars; Kröll, Stefan; Walther, Andreas

doi:10.48550/arxiv.2103.15743

Cited by 29 publications

(44 citation statements)

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“…Thus, the processor nodes with the properties listed above should be ready for error correction. Our vision is then that several nodes can be connected to each other in a multi-node architecture in order to further scale up the number of qubits, e.g., via optical interfaces and communication by flying qubits in the form of light [27,58].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the present work we assume that the tuning range is either 100 GHz or 1000 GHz, and that it is centered around the inhomogeneous absorption profile. The technical challenges of reaching such high laser tunability while still maintaining the coherent and precise control required by the gate operation pulses are discussed further in, e.g., reference [27].…”

Section: B Crystal Realizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In order to focus the research community on the task of constructing a rare-earth quantum computer, a roadmap has been developed [27]. There, the qubits are envisioned to be single ions, and the most promising approach uses dedicated readout ions to read out the state of the qubits [21].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High connectivity quantum processor nodes using single-ion-qubits in rare-earth-ion-doped crystals

Kinos,

Rippe,

Serrano

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: B Crystal Realizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High connectivity quantum processor nodes using single-ion-qubits in rare-earth-ion-doped crystals

Kinos,

Rippe,

Serrano

et al. 2021

Preprint

Self Cite

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“…Due to this shielding, the rare earth ions can exhibit very long population and coherence lifetimes at cryogenic temperature [24]. This motivates the development of many quantum technology architectures leading to state-of-the-art quantum storage [25], laser stabilization [26], noise-free microwave to optical conversion [27], or more recently quantum computing [28]. Among the rare-earth-doped crystals, Tm:YAG combines a long optical coherence lifetime [29], long-lived storage states [30], and a laser diodeaccessible optical transition.…”

Section: Optomechanical Transduction In Tm:yagmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optomechanical backaction processes in a bulk rare-earth doped crystal

Louchet-Chauvet,

Verlot,

Poizat

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We investigate a novel hybrid system composed of an ensemble of room temperature rare-earth ions embedded in a bulk crystal, intrinsically coupled to internal strain via the surrounding crystal field. We evidence the generation of a mechanical response under resonant light excitation. Thanks to an ultra-sensitive time-and space-resolved photodeflection setup, we interpret this motion as the sum of two resonant optomechanical backaction processes: a conservative, piezoscopic process induced by the optical excitation of a well-defined electronic configuration, and a dissipative, nonradiative photothermal process related to the phonons generated throughout the atomic population relaxation. Parasitic heating processes, namely off-resonant dissipative contributions, are absent. This work demonstrates an unprecedented level of control of the conservative and dissipative relative parts of the optomechanical backaction, confirming the potential of rare-earth-based systems as promising hybrid mechanical systems.

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“…Since most experiments so far have been performed on ensembles of rare-earthions, the theoretical investigations of ISD mostly describe the effect on average [36,[40][41][42]. However, for applications that rely on single ions, e.g., the future of rare-earth * adam.kinos@fysik.lth.se quantum computing [21,43], ISD must be analyzed on the microscopic scale of the individual ions. Therefore, this work discusses how ISD is modeled using single ions where the stochastic nature of the phenomena comes in.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microscopic treatment of instantaneous spectral diffusion and its effect on quantum gate fidelities in rare-earth-ion-doped crystals

Kinos,

Rippe,

Walther

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The effect of instantaneous spectral diffusion (ISD) on gate operations in rare-earth-ion-doped crystals is an important question to answer for the future of rare-earth quantum computing. ISD has previously been extensively studied for ensemble systems, where it is observed as a dephasing that depends on the degree of excitation. However, for applications that use single ions, a microscopic modeling that highlights the stochastic nature of the ISD phenomena is necessary. Here we present such a model and use it to investigate ISD errors on single-qubit gate operations. However, directly simulating how the qubit is affected by all non-qubit ions is intractable since the size of the system grows exponentially with the number of ions. To circumvent this problem, we present a method to estimate the error of the full system by examining smaller subsystems, each evaluating the rotation and shrinkage of the qubit Bloch vector due to only one error source. In the case of ISD, the different error sources are individual ions causing ISD, but the method is general and thus applicable to other systems as long as the errors are largely independent. After studying ISD due to the ions surrounding a qubit, we conclude that transmission windows (prepared by optical pumping) are necessary to suppress the ISD errors. Despite using such windows, there remains a roughly 0.3% risk that a qubit has an ISD error larger than the error from other sources. However, in those cases the qubit can be discarded and its frequency channel can be reused by another qubit. In most cases the ISD errors are significantly smaller than other errors, thus opening up the possibility to perform noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) algorithms despite ISD being present. Finally, the approach presented here creates a foundation that can be used to study how ISD affects even more complicated gate operations.

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Roadmap for Rare-earth Quantum Computing

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

High connectivity quantum processor nodes using single-ion-qubits in rare-earth-ion-doped crystals

High connectivity quantum processor nodes using single-ion-qubits in rare-earth-ion-doped crystals

Optomechanical backaction processes in a bulk rare-earth doped crystal

Microscopic treatment of instantaneous spectral diffusion and its effect on quantum gate fidelities in rare-earth-ion-doped crystals

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