Roadmap for change in sex and gender inequities in brain health: A global perspective

Brugulat‐Serrat, Anna; Chen, Yaohua; Demnitz, Naiara; Ashour, Aya Ahmed; Adrion, Emily; Ilinca, Stefania; Kinchin, Irina; Almirall‐Sanchez, Arianna; Öz, Didem; Karanja, Wambui; Pintado, Maritza; Rogers, Nicole; Browning, Anne; Petkutė, Ieva; Lawlor, Brian

doi:10.1002/gps.5710

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Women were recognized pre‐pandemic to more often take on caregiver roles and take responsibility for physically and emotionally intensive care delivery, including personal care 2–6,40,41,43,65–67 . It is possible that this may be influenced by the need for women to conform to societal gender norms, hence, prioritizing caregiving over their own needs, as well as factors related to culture, more personal approach to care delivery, and being more frequently affected by widowhood 2,4,5,39–43,68 . The last explanation is correlated with age as it has also been proposed that older caregivers have higher burden levels 7,8,38 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[2][3][4][5][6]40,41,43,[65][66][67] It is possible that this may be influenced by the need for women to conform to societal gender norms, hence, prioritizing caregiving over their own needs, as well as factors related to culture, more personal approach to care delivery, and being more frequently affected by widowhood. 2,4,5,[39][40][41][42][43]68 The last explanation is correlated with age as it has also been proposed that older caregivers have higher burden levels. 7,8,38 The increase in care burden of caregivers of people with brain health conditions was also found to be associated with changes in care circumstances, such as the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on the ability to deliver care.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Care burden, loneliness, and social isolation in caregivers of people with physical and brain health conditions in English‐speaking regions: Before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Grycuk

Chen

Almirall‐Sanchez

et al. 2022

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

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Background Public health restrictions due to the COVID‐19 (SARS CoV‐2) pandemic have disproportionately affected informal caregivers of people living with long term health conditions. We aimed to explore levels of care burden, loneliness, and social isolation among caregivers of people with enduring physical and brain health conditions in English‐speaking regions worldwide, by investigating outcomes before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Methods A cross‐sectional anonymous online survey data from 2287 English‐speaking caregivers of people with long term health conditions from four English‐speaking regions (UK, Ireland, USA, New Zealand) included measures of care burden, loneliness, and social isolation, reported before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Analyses were descriptive, followed by an ordinal regression model for predictors of burden. Results Compared to pre‐pandemic levels, all caregivers experienced a significant increase in burden, loneliness, and isolation. Caregivers of people with both brain health and physical conditions were the most burdened and had the highest levels of loneliness and isolation compared to caregivers of people with either a brain health or physical condition only. The increase in care burden among caregivers of people with brain health challenges was associated with caregiver's gender, moderate and severe emotional loneliness, magnitude and frequency of isolation during the pandemic, and care circumstances (cohabitation with the care recipient, restrictions on the ability to provide care). Conclusions Health and social care interventions should target caregivers' care circumstances and psychological outcomes, particularly in women, accounting for the significant additional burden of care, loneliness, and isolation resulting from pandemic‐related restrictions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Care burden, loneliness, and social isolation in caregivers of people with physical and brain health conditions in English‐speaking regions: Before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Grycuk

Chen

Almirall‐Sanchez

et al. 2022

Int J Geriat Psychiatry

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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What Tools Can We Use to Screen for Fall Risk in Older Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment? Findings from the MEMENTO Cohort

Leroy

Chen

Bouteloup

et al. 2023

Journal of the American Medical Directors Association

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Sex-dependent gut microbiota-brain-cognition associations: a multimodal MRI study

et al. 2023

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Background There is bidirectional communication between the gut microbiota and the brain. Empirical evidence has demonstrated sex differences in both the gut microbiome and the brain. However, the effects of sex on the gut microbiota-brain associations have yet to be determined. We aim to elucidate the sex-specific effects of gut microbiota on brain and cognition. Methods One hundred fifty-seven healthy young adults underwent brain structural, perfusion, functional and diffusion MRIs to measure gray matter volume (GMV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), functional connectivity strength (FCS) and white matter integrity, respectively. Fecal samples were collected and 16S amplicon sequencing was utilized to assess gut microbial diversity. Correlation analyses were conducted to test for sex-dependent associations between microbial diversity and brain imaging parameters, and mediation analysis was performed to further characterize the gut microbiota-brain-cognition relationship. Results We found that higher gut microbial diversity was associated with higher GMV in the right cerebellum VI, higher CBF in the bilateral calcarine sulcus yet lower CBF in the left superior frontal gyrus, higher FCS in the bilateral paracentral lobule, and lower diffusivity in widespread white matter regions in males. However, these associations were absent in females. Of more importance, these neuroimaging biomarkers significantly mediated the association between gut microbial diversity and behavioral inhibition in males. Conclusions These findings highlight sex as a potential influential factor underlying the gut microbiota-brain-cognition relationship, and expose the gut microbiota as a biomarker-driven and sex-sensitive intervention target for mental disorders with abnormal behavioral inhibition.

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Roadmap for change in sex and gender inequities in brain health: A global perspective

Cited by 3 publications

References 23 publications

Care burden, loneliness, and social isolation in caregivers of people with physical and brain health conditions in English‐speaking regions: Before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic

Care burden, loneliness, and social isolation in caregivers of people with physical and brain health conditions in English‐speaking regions: Before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic

What Tools Can We Use to Screen for Fall Risk in Older Patients with Mild Cognitive Impairment? Findings from the MEMENTO Cohort

Sex-dependent gut microbiota-brain-cognition associations: a multimodal MRI study

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