Roadmap for Achieving Universal Antiretroviral Treatment

Sokhela, Simiso; Lalla-Edward, Samanta Tresha; Siedner, Mark J.; Majam, Mohammed; Venter, W D Francois

doi:10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-052020-094321

Cited by 4 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 129 publications

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“…Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) protects people living with HIV (PLHIV) from the progression of the HIV infection to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) (1). Additionally, cART protects PLHIV against non-AIDS comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Additionally, cART protects PLHIV against non-AIDS comorbidities, such as cardiovascular diseases (CVD) (2). This increased risk of CVD is associated with the activation of inflammatory and hemostatic pathways (1). HIV-infection has been recognized as a prothrombotic condition and is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared to the general population (1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This increased risk of CVD is associated with the activation of inflammatory and hemostatic pathways (1). HIV-infection has been recognized as a prothrombotic condition and is associated with an increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) compared to the general population (1). Furthermore, HIVinfection has been reported to increase the risk of recurrent VTE (2), myocardial infarction (3) and ischemic stroke (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abacavir use is associated with increased prothrombin conversion

et al. 2023

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There is ongoing debate as to whether abacavir (ABC) increases the risk for cardiovascular disease(CVD) in people living with HIV (PLHIV) and the mechanisms underlying this possible association. We recently showed that the use of an ABC-containing regimen was independently associated with increased thrombin generation (TG). In the present study, we aim to explore these findings further, by studying the mechanistical processes that underly the global thrombin generation test via thrombin dynamics analysis. Thrombin dynamics analysis can pinpoint the cause of increased thrombin generation associated with ABC-use either to the procoagulant prothrombin conversion pathway or the anticoagulant thrombin inactivation pathway. In this cross-sectional study, 208 virally suppressed PLHIV were included, of whom 94 were on a ABC-containing regimen, 92 on a tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF)-containing regimen, and the remainder on other regimens. We used Calibrated Automated Thrombinography to measure thrombin generation and perform thrombin dynamics analysis. The total amount of prothrombin conversion, as well as the maximum rate of prothrombin conversion were significantly increased in PLHIV on an ABC containing regimen compared to other treatment regimens. The levels of pro- and anticoagulant factors were comparable, indicating that the ABC-induced changes affect the kinetics of prothrombin conversion rather than procoagulant factor levels. Moreover, Von Willebrand Factor (VWF), active VWF and VWF pro-peptide levels were significantly higher in PLHIV than controls without HIV. However, they did not differ between ABC and non-ABC treated participants.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Abacavir use is associated with increased prothrombin conversion

et al. 2023

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“…Many effective drugs are available to treat and/or prevent HIV infection, but 4,500 people contract HIV every day, 59% of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa. The review by Sokhela et al (6), "Roadmap for Achieving Universal Antiretroviral Treatment," describes an extraordinary medical success story: a combination of pioneering basic science, innovative drug development, and ambitious public health programming that has created an opportunity for access to lifesaving, safe oral drugs. However, challenges remain with respect to prevention and timely access to diagnosis and treatment, especially among young children and adolescents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Introduction to the Theme “Development of New Drugs: Moving from the Bench to Bedside and Improved Patient Care”

Blaschke

Insel

Amara

et al. 2023

Annu. Rev. Pharmacol. Toxicol.

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Investigations in pharmacology and toxicology range from molecular studies to clinical care. Studies in basic and clinical pharmacology and in preclinical and clinical toxicology are all essential in bringing new knowledge and new drugs into clinical use. The 30 reviews in Volume 63 of the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology explore topics across this spectrum. Examples include “Zebrafish as a Mainstream Model for In Vivo Systems Pharmacology and Toxicology” and “Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning for Lead-to-Candidate Decision-Making and Beyond.” Other reviews discuss components important for drug discovery and development and the use of pharmaceuticals in a variety of diseases. Air pollution continues to increase globally; accordingly, “Air Pollution–Related Neurotoxicity Across the Life Span” is a timely and forward-thinking review. Volume 63 also explores the use of contemporary technologies such as electronic health records, pharmacogenetics, and new drug delivery systems that help enhance and improve the utility of new therapies. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 63 is January 2023. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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“…1 NO. 2, December 2022, Pp 188 -194 https://scientifica.umyu.edu.ng/ Viral infections remain a significant health concern worldwide, and traditional antiviral therapies can have limitations such as toxicity, resistance, and high cost (Sokhela et al, 2023). Biosurfactants offer a potential alternative approach to inhibiting viral infections (Ukaegbu et al, 2023).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potentials of Biosurfactants as Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Viral Agents Against Covid-19: A Mini Review

IBRAHIM LAWAL,

AMINU YUSUF FARDAMI,

BELLO

et al. 2022

USci

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Infection due to strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS COV2) has grown to be of global public health significance. Biotechnology uses living organisms such as microbes to produce metabolites like biosurfactants. Biosurfactants are ampiphilic surface active biomolecules that were proven to have therapeutic function against some groups of microbes including viruses. They also have anti-inflammatory potential through their interaction with viral membranes and macromolecules to decrease cytosolic phospholipase A2, which is the beginning of an anti-inflammatory response, and are recognized structurally by toll-like receptors (TLR-2), which are released when neutrophils are stimulated. They can also play vital role in aiding the human body to have inflammatory response. The functional groups of biosurfactants interact with the viruses membrane structure. Some groups of biosurfactants cause physiochemical processes that render viruses inactive. Therefore it can generally be understood that biosurfactants destroy the virus's envelope and the viral membrane's structures. The principle behind biosurfactant’s anti viral property is due to the hydrophilic properties that are within the acetyl groups. Additionally, the hydrophobic properties of biosurfactant are also important in making it to have antiviral activity. These activities of biosurfactants against viruses make it to be potential anti-inflammatory and anti-viral agents against Covid-19. Therefore this paper is aimed to produce a mini review on the anti-inflammatory and anti-viral potential against Covid-19. And the review also highlights some of the desirable properties and benefits of biosurfactants as anti-corona viruses.

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Roadmap for Achieving Universal Antiretroviral Treatment

Cited by 4 publications

References 129 publications

Abacavir use is associated with increased prothrombin conversion

Abacavir use is associated with increased prothrombin conversion

Introduction to the Theme “Development of New Drugs: Moving from the Bench to Bedside and Improved Patient Care”

The Potentials of Biosurfactants as Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Viral Agents Against Covid-19: A Mini Review

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