Road Freight Transport and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Policy Options for Tunisia

Abstract

This paper seeks to analyze the relationship between annual carbon dioxide (CO 2) emissions from road freight transport and some influencing factors in Tunisia, namely, energy emission, fuel use, and road freight transport intensities. To do so, a decomposition method of emission intensity has been applied. The fossil fuel emission intensity is found to be the main factor in emission reduction while energy and transport intensities are the main drivers of emission growth. In order to reduce CO 2 emissions, the Tunisian transport authorities are invited to approve several instruments (economic, fiscal, and regulatory) to reduce both energy and transport intensities. Decoupling road freight activity from economic growth by shifting to rail mode would be one main solution to reduce transport intensity. Incentives to use clean fuel and clean vehicles are also considered be to be helpful tools to enhance energy efficiency.

Environmental Sustainability in Third-Party Logistics Service Providers: A Systematic Literature Review from 2000–2016

“…Scenario assessment of energy efficiency in road freight transport [85][86][87][88][89][90]. 13 Implementation of energy efficiency actions to improve road freight transport [91][92][93][94][95][96][97].…”

“…Based on a comparison of four European Nordic countries, the work of Liimatainen et al (2014b) [87] revealed that energy efficiency practices in road freight transport are mainly influenced by territorial, demographic and industrial features of countries, as well as by governmental policies. Mraïhi and Harizi (2014) [89] found that road freight transport remains the main culprit for CO 2 emissions in Tunisia. The authors suggested some energy efficiency actions, such as the reinforcement of rail mode, new transport infrastructures and the introduction of clean fuel and less polluted vehicles, as well as a strong support of fiscal policy.…”

“…On the one hand, the government influence should be reflected in promoting energy efficiency or discouraging pollutant actions [86,88,90] and, on the other hand, in improving transport infrastructures [89]. However, this aspect is quite neglected in this topic area.…”

Land artificialization, economic growth, and road insecurity: Theoretical improvements and empirical validation for the case of Algeria

“…The Kuznets curve (KC) was initially developed to examine the relationship between social development and income (Kuznets, 1955). A few years later, Grossman and Krueger (1995) adapted this concept to develop the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) with the aim of testing the relationships between atmospheric pollution, development, and the quality of the environment (Newman and Kenworthy, 1988;Stern, 2004;M'raihi et al, 2014). They revealed an inverted-U-shape relationship between environmental degradation and per capita income, indicating that in the early stages of economic growth, pollution and its effects on the environment increase.…”

“…They revealed an inverted-U-shape relationship between environmental degradation and per capita income, indicating that in the early stages of economic growth, pollution and its effects on the environment increase. Once the level of per capita income reaches a certain threshold, however, further economic growth results in more public spending to improve the environmental quality (Stern, 2004;M'raihi et al, 2014;Gill et al, 2018).…”