RNN-Stega: Linguistic Steganography Based on Recurrent Neural Networks

Yang, Zhongliang; Guo, Xiaoqing; Chen, Ziming; Huang, Yudong; Zhang, Yujin

doi:10.1109/tifs.2018.2871746

Cited by 208 publications

(165 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…These steganographic methods can be divided into different types according to different kinds of carrier, like image steganography [5], text steganography [7], audio steganography [6] and so on. In addition, according to different steganography means, they can also be classified to modification-based steganography [5] and generation-based steganography [6,7]. Figure 1 shows the overall framework of the "Prisoners' Model" and we can model it in the following mathematical form.…”

Section: Steganography and Steganalysis Under The "Prisoners' Model"mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioral Security in Covert Communication Systems

Yang

Huang

et al. 2020

Digital Forensics and Watermarking

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The purpose of the covert communication system is to implement the communication process without causing third party perception. In order to achieve complete covert communication, two aspects of security issues need to be considered. The first one is to cover up the existence of information, that is, to ensure the content security of information; the second one is to cover up the behavior of transmitting information, that is, to ensure the behavioral security of communication. However, most of the existing information hiding models are based on the "Prisoners' Model", which only considers the content security of carriers, while ignoring the behavioral security of the sender and receiver. We think that this is incomplete for the security of covert communication. In this paper, we propose a new covert communication framework, which considers both content security and behavioral security in the process of information transmission. In the experimental part, we analyzed a large amount of collected real Twitter data to illustrate the security risks that may be brought to covert communication if we only consider content security and neglect behavioral security. Finally, we designed a toy experiment, pointing out that in addition to most of the existing content steganography, under the proposed new framework of covert communication, we can also use user's behavior to implement behavioral steganography. We hope this new proposed framework will help researchers to design better covert communication systems.

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Section: Steganography and Steganalysis Under The "Prisoners' Model"mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The permutation entropy distribution of sentiment values of Twitter published by normal users within one month and steganographic Twitter generated by model proposed in[7].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral Security in Covert Communication Systems

Yang

Huang

et al. 2020

Digital Forensics and Watermarking

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“…Instead of using a fixed-length coding (one stegotext token always encodes k bits in Bins), VLC encodes one or more bits per generated token (Yang et al, 2018). VLC constructs a Huffman coding of Σ at each step according to P[·|h; ].…”

Section: Variable-length Coding (Vlc)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…

We show that the imperceptibility of several existing linguistic steganographic systems (Fang et al, 2017;Yang et al, 2018) relies on implicit assumptions on statistical behaviors of fluent text. We formally analyze them and empirically evaluate these assumptions.

…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Towards Near-imperceptible Steganographic Text

Dai

Cai

2019

Proceedings of the 57th Annual Meeting of the Association for Computational Linguistics

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We show that the imperceptibility of several existing linguistic steganographic systems (Fang et al., 2017;Yang et al., 2018) relies on implicit assumptions on statistical behaviors of fluent text. We formally analyze them and empirically evaluate these assumptions. Furthermore, based on these observations, we propose an encoding algorithm called patient-Huffman with improved near-imperceptible guarantees.

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“…Text is widely used as an important medium but it is difficult to use it as an information-hiding carrier because of its low redundancy. 5,6 For the reason, the research results of text-based information-hiding technology are much less than those of image, video, and other multimedia, so the significance of the research is become more prominent. Previous works on text information hiding could be summarized as follows: a.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

STBS-Stega: Coverless text steganography based on state transition-binary sequence

Yang

et al. 2020

International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks

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Information-hiding technology has recently developed into an area of significant interest in the field of information security. As one of the primary carriers in steganography, it is difficult to hide information in texts because there is insufficient information redundancy. Traditional text steganography methods are generally not robust or secure. Based on the Markov chain model, a new text steganography approach is proposed that focuses on transition probability, one of the most important concepts of the Markov chain model. We created a state transition-binary sequence diagrams based on the aforementioned concepts and used them to guide the generation of new texts with embedded secret information. Compared to other related works, the proposed method exploits the use of the transition probability in the process of steganographic text generation. The associated developed algorithm also encrypts the serial number of the state transition-binary sequence diagram needed by the receiver to extract the information, which further enhances the security of the steganography information. Experiments were designed to evaluate the proposed model. The results revealed that the model had higher concealment and hidden capacity compared to previous methods.

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RNN-Stega: Linguistic Steganography Based on Recurrent Neural Networks

Cited by 208 publications

References 38 publications

Behavioral Security in Covert Communication Systems

Behavioral Security in Covert Communication Systems

Towards Near-imperceptible Steganographic Text

STBS-Stega: Coverless text steganography based on state transition-binary sequence

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