SummaryThe emergence of RNA interference (RNAi) offers a potentially exciting new therapeutic paradigm for respiratory diseases. However effective delivery remains a key requirement for their translation into the clinic and has been a major factor in the limited clinical success seen to-date. Inhalation offers tissue-specific targeting of the RNAi to treat respiratory diseases and a diminished risk of off-target effects. In order to deliver RNAi directly to the respiratory tract via inhalation "smart" non-viral carriers are required to protect the RNAi during delivery/aerosolisation and enhance cell-specific uptake to target cells. Herein, we review the state of the art in therapeutic aerosol bioengineering (TAB) and specifically non-viral siRNA delivery platforms for delivery via inhalation. This includes developments in inhaler device engineering and particle engineering including manufacturing methods and excipients used in TAB that underpin the development of "smart" cell-type specific delivery systems to target siRNA to respiratory epithelial cells and/or alveolar macrophages.