RNA target specificity of the STAR/GSG domain post-transcriptional regulatory protein GLD-1

Ryder, Seán; Frater, Leah; Abramovitz, Dana L; Goodwin, Elizabeth B.; Williamson, James R.

doi:10.1038/nsmb706

Cited by 121 publications

(192 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…A likely GLD-1 binding site (33,38) is present at nucleotides 25-31 3′ of the Cbr-puf-8 stop codon. The purified STAR domain of Cbr-GLD-1 and a synthetic puf-8 3′ UTR fragment containing this region interact in vitro without other factors (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 3′UTR of C. elegans puf-8 also contains a potential GLD-1 binding site (33), and Ce-GLD-1 and Ce-puf-8 mRNA interact in vivo (Fig. 4C).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…GLD-1 binds a short motif in its mRNA targets, the STAR protein-binding element (SBE) (33) or GLD-1-binding motif (GBM) (38). In Ce-tra-2, GLD-1 binding sites are found within larger direct repeat elements (DREs) (28), containing three SBEs/GBMs, plus a fourth candidate site more 5′ in the 3′ UTR (Fig.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further supporting the functional significance of increased SBE/GBM number, C. elegans tra-2 mutants possessing only one DRE exhibit dominant, hermaphrodite-specific germ-line feminization (28,51). GLD-1 binds RNA as a dimer, but each protomer can potentially bind separate sequence elements (33). Thus, perhaps four GLD-1 dimers could be recruited to the C. elegans tra-2 3′ UTR, but the single SBE of Cbr-tra-2 suggests a maximum of one.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Independent recruitments of a translational regulator in the evolution of self-fertile nematodes

Beadell

Liu²,

Johnson³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Pleiotropic developmental regulators have been repeatedly linked to the evolution of anatomical novelties. Known mechanisms include cis-regulatory DNA changes that alter regulator transcription patterns or modify target-gene linkages. Here, we examine the role of another form of regulation, translational control, in the repeated evolution of self-fertile hermaphroditism in Caenorhabditis nematodes. Caenorhabditis elegans hermaphrodites initiate spermatogenesis in an otherwise female body through translational repression of the gene tra-2. This repression is mediated by GLD-1, an RNA-binding protein also required for oocyte meiosis and differentiation. By contrast, we show that in the convergently hermaphroditic Caenorhabditis briggsae, GLD-1 acts to promote oogenesis. The opposite functions of gld-1 in these species are not gene-intrinsic, but instead result from the unique contexts for its action that evolved in each. In C. elegans, GLD-1 became essential for promoting XX spermatogenesis via changes in the tra-2 mRNA and evolution of the species-specific protein FOG-2. C. briggsae GLD-1 became an essential repressor of sperm-promoting genes, including Cbr-puf-8, and did not evolve a strong association with tra-2. Despite its variable roles in sex determination, the function of gld-1 in female meiotic progression is ancient and conserved. This conserved role may explain why gld-1 is repeatedly recruited to regulate hermaphroditism. We conclude that, as with transcription factors, spatially localized translational regulators play important roles in the evolution of anatomical novelties.germ cells | translation | breeding systems | mutant

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The 3′UTR of C. elegans puf-8 also contains a potential GLD-1 binding site (33), and Ce-GLD-1 and Ce-puf-8 mRNA interact in vivo (Fig. 4C).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Independent recruitments of a translational regulator in the evolution of self-fertile nematodes

Beadell

Liu²,

Johnson³

et al. 2011

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The entire Nse3 coding sequence was cloned into pHMTc, a derivative of the pMal-c2 ϫ vector (NEB; Ryder et al, 2004) to express a maltose binding protein fusion of Nse3. MBP-Nse3 fusion protein was expressed in BL21 (DE3), purified on amylose resin (NEB) and used to inoculate rabbits.…”

Section: Immunoblotting and Microscopy Techniquesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nse1, Nse2, and a Novel Subunit of the Smc5-Smc6 Complex, Nse3, Play a Crucial Role in Meiosis

Pébernard

McDonald

Pavlova

et al. 2004

MBoC

113

150

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The structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) family of proteins play key roles in the organization, packaging, and repair of chromosomes. Cohesin (Smc1؉3) holds replicated sister chromatids together until mitosis, condensin (Smc2؉4) acts in chromosome condensation, and Smc5؉6 performs currently enigmatic roles in DNA repair and chromatin structure. The SMC heterodimers must associate with non-SMC subunits to perform their functions. Using both biochemical and genetic methods, we have isolated a novel subunit of the Smc5؉6 complex, Nse3. Nse3 is an essential nuclear protein that is required for normal mitotic chromosome segregation and cellular resistance to a number of genotoxic agents. Epistasis with Rhp51 (Rad51) suggests that like Smc5؉6, Nse3 functions in the homologous recombination based repair of DNA damage. We previously identified two non-SMC subunits of Smc5؉6 called Nse1 and Nse2. Analysis of nse1-1, nse2-1, and nse3-1 mutants demonstrates that they are crucial for meiosis. The Nse1 mutant displays meiotic DNA segregation and homologous recombination defects. Spore viability is reduced by nse2-1 and nse3-1, without affecting interhomolog recombination. Finally, genetic interactions shared by the nse mutants suggest that the Smc5؉6 complex is important for replication fork stability. INTRODUCTIONBoth endogenous and exogenous agents constantly threaten genomic integrity. The DNA double-strand break (DSB) is a potentially life-threatening lesion for a cell and can occur spontaneously during growth, as part of a programmed event such as meiosis or as the result of exposure to environmental genotoxic agents. Multiple mechanisms exist to repair DSBs, including nonhomologous end joining and homologous recombination (HR) (Paques and Haber, 1999;Symington, 2002). The HR pathway serves to maintain all original genetic information during DSB repair. Many components of that pathway have been identified and characterized (Paques and Haber, 1999;Symington, 2002). HR involves multiple steps. The DSB is first resected to generate a recombinogenic 3Ј overhang that invades a homologous sequence (e.g., sister chromatid), forming a displacement or D-loop. The invasion step is catalyzed by a number of proteins including the Escherichia coli RecA homologue, Rad51. D-loop formation primes repair synthesis, which is followed by resolution of the recombined duplexes and ligation, producing intact duplex DNA molecules (Paques and Haber, 1999;Symington, 2002). The resolution of recombined DNA duplexes can yield products in which there has been reciprocal exchange of flanking markers (crossover) or not. During mitotic growth gene conversion is infrequently accompanied by crossover, whereas during meiosis, crossover recombination is much more prevalent (Paques and Haber, 1999).Efficient DNA repair requires modulation of both local and higher order chromatin structure. Interestingly, the structural maintenance of chromosomes (SMC) proteins have recently been recognized as important players in DNA repair (Hirano, 2002;Jessberger...

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The Sperm/Oocyte Decision, aC. elegansPerspective

Ellis¹

2010

Oogenesis

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RNA target specificity of the STAR/GSG domain post-transcriptional regulatory protein GLD-1

Cited by 121 publications

References 44 publications

Independent recruitments of a translational regulator in the evolution of self-fertile nematodes

Independent recruitments of a translational regulator in the evolution of self-fertile nematodes

Nse1, Nse2, and a Novel Subunit of the Smc5-Smc6 Complex, Nse3, Play a Crucial Role in Meiosis

The Sperm/Oocyte Decision, aC. elegansPerspective

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