RNA silencing and its suppression: novel insights from in planta analyses

Incarbone, Marco; Dunoyer, Patrice

doi:10.1016/j.tplants.2013.04.001

Cited by 156 publications

(141 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…A number of studies have shown that RNA silencing components in antiviral defense can be studied using viruses lacking their cognate VSR (Deleris et al, 2006;Diaz-Pendon et al, 2007;Qu et al, 2008;Garcia-Ruiz et al, 2010;Scholthof et al, 2011;Wang et al, 2011). However, VSRs are often multifunctional proteins involved not only in suppressing RNA silencing (Incarbone and Dunoyer, 2013). As such, their deletion may result in viruses that do not reflect a normal infection , total protein extracts were prepared from inoculated and systemic leaves, respectively, and subjected to SDS-PAGE followed by anti-PVX CP immunoblotting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Functional and Genetic Analysis Identify a Role for Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE5 in Antiviral RNA Silencing

2015

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RNA silencing functions as an antiviral defense through the action of DICER-like (DCL) and ARGONAUTE (AGO) proteins. In turn, plant viruses have evolved strategies to counteract this defense mechanism, including the expression of suppressors of RNA silencing. Potato virus X (PVX) does not systemically infect Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia-0, but is able to do so effectively in mutants lacking at least two of the four Arabidopsis DCL proteins. PVX can also infect Arabidopsis ago2 mutants, albeit less effectively than double DCL mutants, suggesting that additional AGO proteins may mediate anti-viral defenses. Here we show, using functional assays, that all Arabidopsis AGO proteins have the potential to target PVX lacking its viral suppressor of RNA silencing (VSR), P25, but that only AGO2 and AGO5 are able to target wild-type PVX. However, P25 directly affects only a small subset of AGO proteins, and we present evidence indicating that its protective effect is mediated by precluding AGO proteins from accessing viral RNA, as well as by directly inhibiting the RNA silencing machinery. In agreement with functional assays, we show that Potexvirus infection induces AGO5 expression and that both AGO2 and AGO5 are required for full restriction of PVX infection in systemic tissues of Arabidopsis.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Plants employ multiple defense mechanisms to restrict virus replication and movement (Incarbone and Dunoyer, 2013). RNA silencing is utilized by plants to counteract invading nucleic acids, including viruses, and is conserved in most eukaryotic organisms (Ding and Voinnet, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional and Genetic Analysis Identify a Role for Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE5 in Antiviral RNA Silencing

2015

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“…However, successful viruses have consequently evolved viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) as effectors to overcome RNA silencing; meanwhile, plants have evolved defense strategies against RNA silencing suppression (RSS), which is regarded as analogous to effector-triggered immunity (Nakahara and Masuta, 2014). Although the zigzag model in plant-virus interactions is different from the standard zigzag model, plants have evolved a battery of secondary defense strategies to respond to perturbation of the silencing pathways caused by viral infection (Incarbone and Dunoyer, 2013;Pumplin and Voinnet, 2013;Nakahara and Masuta, 2014). However, the specific defenses against RSS in plants are not well characterized, and the host factors involved in counteracting RSS caused by VSRs need to be identified.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Violaxanthin Deepoxidase Interacts with a Viral Suppressor of RNA Silencing to Inhibit Virus Amplification

et al. 2017

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RNA silencing plays a critical role against viral infection. To counteract this antiviral silencing, viruses have evolved various RNA silencing suppressors. Meanwhile, plants have evolved counter-counter defense strategies against RNA silencing suppression (RSS). In this study, the violaxanthin deepoxidase protein of maize (Zea mays), ZmVDE, was shown to interact specifically with the helper component-proteinase (HC-Pro; a viral RNA silencing suppressor) of Sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) via its mature protein region by yeast two-hybrid assay, which was confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation in Nicotiana benthamiana cells. It was demonstrated that amino acids 101 to 460 in HC-Pro and the amino acid glutamine-292 in ZmVDE mature protein were essential for this interaction. The mRNA levels of ZmVDE were down-regulated 75% to 65% at an early stage of SCMV infection. Interestingly, ZmVDE, which normally localized in the chloroplasts and cytoplasm, could relocalize to HC-Pro-containing aggregate bodies in the presence of HC-Pro alone or SCMV infection. In addition, ZmVDE could attenuate the RSS activity of HC-Pro in a specific protein interaction-dependent manner. Subsequently, transient silencing of the ZmVDE gene facilitated SCMV RNA and coat protein accumulation. Taken together, our results suggest that ZmVDE interacts with SCMV HC-Pro and attenuates its RSS activity, contributing to decreased SCMV accumulation. This study demonstrates that a host factor can be involved in secondary defense responses against viral infection in monocot plants.

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“…RNA silencing plays a major role in the regulation of gene expression during development and in defense against biotic/abiotic stresses in plants (Depicker and Mantagu, 1997;Vaucheret and Fagard, 2001;Carrington and Ambros, 2003). Plants can avoid viral infection by specifically degrading viral RNA via antiviral RNA silencing, which has been demonstrated as a common plant defense for a majority of the plant viruses (Baulcombe, 1999;Incarbone and Dunoyer, 2013). Antiviral RNA silencing is triggered by viral dsRNA segments generated either by replication intermediates or by secondary intramolecular RNA folding (hairpin) structures in the host cell (Covey et al, 1997;Ratcliff et al, 1997;Marathe et al, 2000).…”

Section: Antiviral Rna Silencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The antiviral RNA silencing signal can be proliferated and transferred via the plasmodesmata and the phloem, allowing systemic viral defense (Voinnet, 2001;Molnar et al, 2010). There is increasing evidence that DNA viruses are also subject to be controlled by antiviral RNA silencing (Incarbone and Dunoyer, 2013). In the case of geminivirus, a plant virus family possessing a single-stranded circular DNA genome, vsRNA and PTGS of viral coding sequences has been observed during resistance responses (Ribeiro et al, 2007).…”

Section: Antiviral Rna Silencingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Current advances and prospectus of viral resistance in horticultural crops

Yeam

2016

Hortic. Environ. Biotechnol.

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Abstract. Viruses are a major threat causing massive yield loss and economical damage to crop production worldwide. Through complex evolutionary processes, plants encounter and overcome viral infection by developing effective resistance mechanisms. Over the past decade, remarkable progress has been made in understanding the nature of plant resistance to viruses at the molecular level. This review summarizes the major resistance strategies that plants use to prevent viral infection. Recent investigations suggest that antiviral RNA silencing is the most prevalent defense strategy in plants.Other forms of resistance include R gene-mediated resistance and host factor-related recessive resistance. Naturally occurring resistances arise and are maintained in numerous virus-plant pathosystems based mainly on arms-race relationships and the cost-efficiency of resistance acquisition. In addition to the current status of the known resistance mechanisms, this review discusses the future prospectus for the practical application of plant resistances that influence resistance durability in agricultural ecosystems. Such applications include molecular breeding strategies using advanced molecular marker systems and the utilization of trans-or cis-genetics via the acquisition of engineered disease resistances.

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RNA silencing and its suppression: novel insights from in planta analyses

Cited by 156 publications

References 114 publications

Functional and Genetic Analysis Identify a Role for Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE5 in Antiviral RNA Silencing

Functional and Genetic Analysis Identify a Role for Arabidopsis ARGONAUTE5 in Antiviral RNA Silencing

A Violaxanthin Deepoxidase Interacts with a Viral Suppressor of RNA Silencing to Inhibit Virus Amplification

Current advances and prospectus of viral resistance in horticultural crops

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