RNA Sequencing and Gene Ontology Analysis in Acute Invasive Fungal Sinusitis

Abstract

Background Acute invasive fungal sinusitis (AIFS) is an aggressive and dangerous disease of the paranasal sinuses with high morbidity and mortality. The immune response at the level of the nasal mucosa, the site of entry, has not been previously evaluated. Objective To evaluate differential gene expression in the sinonasal mucosa of AIFS patients as compared to control patients using RNA sequencing. Methods Sinonasal tissue samples were prospectively obtained from consenting patients undergoing surgery between November, 2020 and November, 2021. RNA extraction and sequencing were performed and differential expression was analyzed to detect transcriptional differences between patient groups. Results Tissue samples were collected from 4 patients with active AIFS diagnoses, 2 patients with recovered AIFS, 1 patient with a diagnosis of non-invasive fungal ball, and 4 healthy controls. 255 genes were differentially expressed in AIFS patients as compared to control patients. Specific Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes that were identified as differentially expressed in AIFS patients as compared to controls included the following: 1. GO:0007155 (cell adhesion), 2. GO:0030199 (collagen fibril organization) and 3. GO:0001525 (angiogenesis). Conclusion Transcriptional differences were noted between AIFS and control patients in sinonasal tissue samples. Future work is necessary to determine causes of the differential gene expressions between AIFS and control patients, specifically those who are immunosuppressed, or with preexisting non-invasive forms of fungal sinusitis, to guide treatment and prevention strategies.

Integrated analysis of differently expressed microRNAs and mRNAs at different postnatal stages reveals intramuscular fat deposition regulation in goats (Capra hircus)

“…Based on the DE miRNA, miRDB (Liu & Wang, 2019) and miRWalk (Sticht et al., 2018) were used to predict (DE) miRNA target genes, and the prediction results was compared with our previous data, to obtain differentially expressed target genes (DEGs). Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis (David et al., 2023) of the target genes and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway (Kanehisa & Goto, 2000) enrichment analysis of the target genes was performed by OmicShare tools (https://www.omicshare.com). The enrichment on GO terms or KEGG pathways with p < 0.05 was indicated as significant.…”

Advancing Rhinology Through Research

“…David et al 5 also took a precision medicine approach in their study of AIFS. They evaluated differential gene expression in the sinonasal mucosa of AIFS and control subjects.…”