RNA-Seq reveals the molecular mechanism of trapping and killing of root-knot nematodes by nematode-trapping fungi

Pandit, Ramesh; Patel, Reena; Patel, Namrata; Bhatt, Vaibhav D.; Joshi, Chaitanya G.; Singh, Pawan Kumar; Kunjadia, Anju P.

doi:10.1007/s11274-017-2232-7

Cited by 15 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…RKN eggs stimulate Pc to overexpress rather than repress genes. RKN also induce gene expression of nematode‐trapping fungi, such as Arthrobotrys conoides (Pandit et al ., 2017 ), indicating the activation of parasitic pathways. In this work, the addition of chitosan to nematode eggs displays the highest values of Pc gene expression in all treatments tested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan modulates Pochonia chlamydosporia gene expression during nematode egg parasitism

Suarez-Fernandez

Sambles

López-Moya

et al. 2021

Environmental Microbiology

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Climate change makes plant-parasitic nematodes (PPN) an increasing threat to commercial crops. PPN can be managed sustainably by the biocontrol fungus Pochonia chlamydosporia (Pc). Chitosan generated from chitin deacetylation enhances PPN parasitism by Pc. In this work, we investigate the molecular mechanisms of Pc for chitosan resistance and root-knot nematode (RKN) parasitism, using transcriptomics. Chitosan and RKN modify the expression of Pc genes, mainly those involved in oxidation-reduction processes. Both agents significantly modify the expression of genes associated to 113 GO terms and 180 Pc genes. Genes encoding putative glycoproteins (Pc adhesives) to nematode eggshell, as well as genes involved in redox, carbohydrate and lipid metabolism trigger the response to chitosan. We identify genes expressed in both the parasitic and endophytic phases of the Pc lifecycle; these include proteases, chitosanases and transcription factors. Using the Pathogen-Host Interaction database (PHI-base), our previous RNA-seq data and RT-PCR of Pc colonizing banana we have investigated genes expressed both in the parasitic and endophytic phases of Pc lifecycle.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chitosan modulates Pochonia chlamydosporia gene expression during nematode egg parasitism

Suarez-Fernandez

Sambles

López-Moya

et al. 2021

Environmental Microbiology

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“…Arthrobotrys cladodes inoculated with B. xylophilus suspension were treated as ABXH18, ABXH22, ABXH28, and ABXH32as the treatment group and A. cladodes inoculated with equal amounts of sterile water were named as NBXH18, NBXH22, NBXH28, and NBXH32 as the CK group. Total RNA was extracted separately using TRIzol (Invitrogen) ( Pandit et al, 2017 ). Three replicates of each sample were performed.…”

Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 The reads of induced samples were mapped to B. xylophilus whole genome using HISAT2 and mapped reads were eliminated. The clean reads were mapped to reference sequences using Bowtie2 (v2.4.5) 2 ( Dewey and Bo, 2011 ; Langmead and Salzberg, 2012 ; Pandit et al, 2017 ). The matched reads were calculated and normalized to fragments per kilobase per million mapped fragments (FPKM) using RSEM (v1.2.12).…”

Section: Materials and Methodologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis highlights the influence of temperature on hydrolase and traps in nematode-trapping fungi

Jia,

Xia,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Front. Microbiol.

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Pine wilt disease caused by Bursaphelenchus xylophilus poses a serious threat to the economic and ecological value of forestry. Nematode trapping fungi trap and kill nematodes using specialized trapping devices, which are highly efficient and non-toxic to the environment, and are very promising for use as biological control agents. In this study, we isolated several nematode-trapping fungi from various regions and screened three for their high nematocidal efficiency. However, the effectiveness of these fungi as nematicides is notably influenced by temperature and exhibits different morphologies in response to temperature fluctuations, which are categorized as “NA,” “thin,” “dense,” and “sparse.” The trend of trap formation with temperature was consistent with the trend of nematocidal efficiency with temperature. Both of which initially increased and then decreased with increasing temperature. Among them, Arthrobotrys cladodes exhibited the highest level of nematocidal activity and trap formation among the tested species. Transcriptome data were collected from A. cladodes with various trap morphologies. Hydrolase activity was significantly enriched according to GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Eight genes related to hydrolases were found to be consistent with the trend of trap morphology with temperature. Weighted gene co-expression analysis and the Cytoscape network revealed that these 8 genes are associated with either mitosis or autophagy. This suggests that they contribute to the formation of “dense” structures in nematode-trapping fungi. One of these genes is the serine protein hydrolase gene involved in autophagy. This study reveals a potentially critical role for hydrolases in trap formation and nematocidal efficiency. And presents a model where temperature affects trap formation and nematocidal efficiency by influencing the serine protease prb1 involved in the autophagy process.

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“…They can exist in diverse environments, and some of them can switch from being saprotrophic to predatory when nematodes are present [3]. Nematophagous fungi include four major groups; namely, trapping, endoparasitic, opportunistic, and toxic fungi [4][5][6]. Among them, nematode-trapping fungi (NTF) can produce diverse trap devices containing adhesive network, branches, knobs and constricting or non-constricting rings to capture nematodes [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pathogenicity and Volatile Nematicidal Metabolites from Duddingtonia flagrans against Meloidogyne incognita

Mei

Wang

2021

Microorganisms

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Plant parasitic nematodes, especially parasitic root-knot nematodes, are one of the most destructive plant pathogens worldwide. The control of plant root-knot nematodes is extremely challenging. Duddingtonia flagrans is a type of nematode-trapping fungi (NTF), which produces three-dimensional adhesive networks to trap nematodes. In this study, the pathogenicity and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) of the NTF D. flagrans against the plant root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, were investigated. The predatory process of D. flagrans trapping M. incognita was observed using scanning electron microscopy. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the VOCs from D. flagrans led to the identification of 52 metabolites, of which 11 main compounds were tested individually for their activity against M. incognita. Three compounds, cyclohexanamine, cyclohexanone, and cyclohexanol, were toxic to M. incognita. Furthermore, these three VOCs inhibited egg hatching of M. incognita. Cyclohexanamine showed the highest nematicidal activity, which can cause 97.93% mortality of M. incognita at 8.71 µM within 12 h. The number of hatched juveniles per egg mass after 3 days was just 8.44 when treated with 26.14 µM cyclohexanamine. This study is the first to demonstrate the nematicidal activity of VOCs produced by D. flagrans against M. incognita, which indicates that D. flagrans has the potential to biocontrol plant root-knot nematodes.

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RNA-Seq reveals the molecular mechanism of trapping and killing of root-knot nematodes by nematode-trapping fungi

Cited by 15 publications

References 77 publications

Chitosan modulates Pochonia chlamydosporia gene expression during nematode egg parasitism

Chitosan modulates Pochonia chlamydosporia gene expression during nematode egg parasitism

Transcriptome analysis highlights the influence of temperature on hydrolase and traps in nematode-trapping fungi

Pathogenicity and Volatile Nematicidal Metabolites from Duddingtonia flagrans against Meloidogyne incognita

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