RNA-Seq and molecular docking reveal multi-level pesticide resistance in the bed bug

Mamidala, Praveen; Wijeratne, Asela J.; Wijeratne, Saranga; Kornacker, Karl; Sudhamalla, Babu; Rivera-Vega, Loren J.; Hoelmer, Andrew; Meulia, Tea; Jones, Susan C.; Mittapalli, Omprakash

doi:10.1186/1471-2164-13-6

Cited by 126 publications

(146 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(104 reference statements)

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“…This physical entrapment is a source of inspiration in the development of new and sustainable methods to control the burgeoning numbers of bed bugs. A purely physical management method has the additional advantage that it would avoid the problem of pesticide resistance that has been documented extensively for this insect [14][15][16][17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrapment of bed bugs by leaf trichomes inspires microfabrication of biomimetic surfaces

Szyndler

Haynes

Potter

et al. 2013

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Resurgence in bed bug infestations and widespread pesticide resistance have greatly renewed interest in the development of more sustainable, environmentally friendly methods to manage bed bugs. Historically, in Eastern Europe, bed bugs were entrapped by leaves from bean plants, which were then destroyed; this purely physical entrapment was related to microscopic hooked hairs (trichomes) on the leaf surfaces. Using scanning electron microscopy and videography, we documented the capture mechanism: the physical impaling of bed bug feet (tarsi) by these trichomes. This is distinct from a Velcro-like mechanism of non-piercing entanglement, which only momentarily holds the bug without sustained capture. Struggling, trapped bed bugs are impaled by trichomes on several legs and are unable to free themselves. Only specific, mechanically vulnerable locations on the bug tarsi are pierced by the trichomes, which are located at effective heights and orientations for bed bug entrapment despite a lack of any evolutionary association. Using bean leaves as templates, we microfabricated surfaces indistinguishable in geometry from the real leaves, including the trichomes, using polymers with material properties similar to plant cell walls. These synthetic surfaces snag the bed bugs temporarily but do not hinder their locomotion as effectively as real leaves.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Entrapment of bed bugs by leaf trichomes inspires microfabrication of biomimetic surfaces

Szyndler

Haynes

Potter

et al. 2013

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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“…11,12 SODs are a foremost constituent of antioxidant system, and their activities are found to be increased in pesticide-resistant strains of some insect species. 19,20 The present investigation reveals the presence of five SOD activity isoforms in the midgut of H. armigera. Insect polyphagy might be attributed to the existence of numerous and diverse antioxidant and detoxifying enzymes and their isoforms.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 59%

“…19 The transcript levels of an SOD were found to be higher in the pesticide-resistant strains of Cimex lectularius, suggesting that these proteins are potentially involved in the elimination of intracellular toxins, which eventually contributes to the pesticide resistance. 20 Studies on antioxidant enzymes in H. armigera are potentially essential while understanding its resistance mechanism. The present investigation reports the characterization of SOD activities and identification of a manganese SOD (MnSOD) from H. armigera.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Superoxide dismutase activities in the midgut of Helicoverpa armigera larvae: identification and biochemical properties of a manganese superoxide dismutase

Hivrale¹,

Lomate²,

Sangole³

et al. 2015

OAIP

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Insects possess a complex network of enzymatic antioxidant systems protecting against reactive oxygen species generated during stress. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are vital antioxidant enzymes converting superoxide into oxygen and hydrogen peroxide. Helicoverpa armigera is a polyphagous insect and has developed resistance to various phytochemicals and pesticides. Although SODs are studied in several insect species, their characterization has been reported in only a few insect species. Here, we attempted to identify and characterize SOD activity from H. armigera. Electrophoretic separation followed by nitroblue tetrazolium staining revealed the presence of five SOD activity isoforms in the midgut of H. armigera larvae. Total SOD activity was measured at the different larval developmental stages and found maximum at fourth instar and further declined at sixth instar. Total SOD activity was significantly increased by metal ions Mn, Fe, Zn, and Cu and reduced by Ca and Pb. The isoform with highest activity was identified as manganese SOD (MnSOD) because it was found insensitive to H 2 O 2 . The identified MnSOD was partially purified and characterized. After gel filtration chromatography, specific activity of the purified enzyme was found to be 6,348.0 U/mg/min with 26.61% yield. The molecular mass of purified enzyme was calculated to be ∼29.3 kDa by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimum pH and temperature for the SOD activity were found to be around 11 and 60°C, respectively. The study could be useful to further understand the functional significance of SODs in the antioxidant mechanism of H. armigera.

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“…Although approved insecticides from different chemical groups are often required for treatment, they are limited in availability and insecticide resistance is well known (Adelman et al 2011;Romero et al 2007). Pyrethroid insecticides are most prevalent, but there are increasing issues with resistance, lack of residual activity, and dispersion of bed bug populations when exposed to sub-lethal levels (Davies et al 2012;Mamidala et al 2012;Tawatsin et al 2011). Diatomaceous earth dehydrates bed bugs, but it takes days or weeks to kill them, and it cannot be applied as widely as other products (Benoit et al 2009b;Wang et al 2009a).…”

Section: Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevention, identification, and treatment options for the management of bed bug infestations

FongDaniel¹,

BosConstance²,

StuartTaz³

et al. 2012

Environ. Health Rev.

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In the past decade, bed bug infestations have been increasing worldwide. Historically, studies have failed to provide evidence for the transmission of human diseases through bed bugs, but recent evidence is lacking. Although physical reactions to bed bug bites continue to be documented, evidence regarding the mental health effects arising from bed bug infestations is limited to anecdotes and case reports. This report provides an update and summary of the bed bug management strategies discussed during a workshop at the 2010 Canadian Public Health Association Conference. ''Best practices'' regarding prevention, identification, and treatment options are presented, using evidence from existing evaluative studies. Awareness of bed bug behaviour and proper building maintenance can prevent transfer of bed bugs from belongings, including second-hand items, and reduce entry points and harbourage sites. In addition to inspection by trained professionals, early recognition of clinical symptoms and environmental signs of an infestation are important to avoid further spread of bed bugs and to allow implementation of safe and effective treatment options. Early findings may indicate a need for special support for vulnerable individuals with mental health issues potentially exacerbated by bed bug infestations. Preparing units for treatment, including the removal of clutter, is essential. However, physical and financial limitations are challenges for managing bed bug infestations, especially for vulnerable populations. Current treatment options such as application of heat or pesticides can be effective when properly implemented, but there are concerns with pesticide resistance. An Integrated Pest Management approach is recommended and should include ongoing monitoring and prevention that are essential for positive treatment outcomes. Regulatory officials, building management, and pest management professionals are encouraged to collaborate using a systematic approach to address bed bug infestations.

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RNA-Seq and molecular docking reveal multi-level pesticide resistance in the bed bug

Cited by 126 publications

References 73 publications

Entrapment of bed bugs by leaf trichomes inspires microfabrication of biomimetic surfaces

Entrapment of bed bugs by leaf trichomes inspires microfabrication of biomimetic surfaces

Superoxide dismutase activities in the midgut of Helicoverpa armigera larvae: identification and biochemical properties of a manganese superoxide dismutase

Prevention, identification, and treatment options for the management of bed bug infestations

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