RNA Repair: Damage Control

Bellacosa, Alfonso; Moss, Eric G.

doi:10.1016/s0960-9822(03)00408-1

Cited by 77 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 17 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…If not repaired, damage to RNA molecules may lead to ribosomal dysfunctions and erroneous translation; thus, significantly affecting the overall protein synthesis mechanism (38,135). Moreover, RNA damage has been shown to cause cell cycle arrest and cell death with or without the contribution of p53 and inhibition of protein synthesis (11). Oxidative RNA modifications can occur not only in protein-coding RNAs, but also in noncoding RNAs that recently have been revealed to contribute to the complexity of the mammalian brain (109).…”

Section: Overview On Rna Oxidative Damages a Glimpse On Human Patholmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An age-associated increase in oxidative nucleic acids damage, predominantly to RNA, has been recently highlighted in neurons from human and rodent brains; this phenomenon may play a fundamental role in the development of age-associated neurodegeneration (109). Oxidative damage to RNA molecules, both coding for proteins (mRNA) or performing translation (rRNA and tRNA), has been recently associated with the occurrence of neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), dementia with Lewy bodies, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (107) and its impact in cancer development cannot be excluded, at present (11). Remarkably, studies performed on either human samples or experimental models, show that RNA oxidation is a characteristic of aging neurons.…”

Section: Overview On Rna Oxidative Damages a Glimpse On Human Patholmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Emerging Roles of the Nucleolus in Regulating the DNA Damage Response: The Noncanonical DNA Repair Enzyme APE1/Ref-1 as a Paradigmatical Example

Antoniali

Lirussi

Poletto

et al. 2014

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Significance: An emerging concept in DNA repair mechanisms is the evidence that some key enzymes, besides their role in the maintenance of genome stability, display also unexpected noncanonical functions associated with RNA metabolism in specific subcellular districts (e.g., nucleoli). During the evolution of these key enzymes, the acquisition of unfolded domains significantly amplified the possibility to interact with different partners and substrates, possibly explaining their phylogenetic gain of functions. Recent Advances: After nucleolar stress or DNA damage, many DNA repair proteins can freely relocalize from nucleoli to the nucleoplasm. This process may represent a surveillance mechanism to monitor the synthesis and correct assembly of ribosomal units affecting cell cycle progression or inducing p53-mediated apoptosis or senescence. Critical Issues: A paradigm for this kind of regulation is represented by some enzymes of the DNA base excision repair (BER) pathway, such as apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 (APE1). In this review, the role of the nucleolus and the noncanonical functions of the APE1 protein are discussed in light of their possible implications in human pathologies. Future Directions: A productive cross-talk between DNA repair enzymes and proteins involved in RNA metabolism seems reasonable as the nucleolus is emerging as a dynamic functional hub that coordinates cell growth arrest and DNA repair mechanisms. These findings will drive further analyses on other BER proteins and might imply that nucleic acid processing enzymes are more versatile than originally thought having evolved DNA-targeted functions after a previous life in the early RNA world. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 20, 621-639.

show abstract

Section: Overview On Rna Oxidative Damages a Glimpse On Human Patholmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Overview On Rna Oxidative Damages a Glimpse On Human Patholmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging Roles of the Nucleolus in Regulating the DNA Damage Response: The Noncanonical DNA Repair Enzyme APE1/Ref-1 as a Paradigmatical Example

Antoniali

Lirussi

Poletto

et al. 2014

Antioxidants & Redox Signaling

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is noteworthy that studies on some anti-cancer agents have shown that RNA damage can lead to cell-cycle arrest and cell death, much as DNA damage does. RNA damage may cause cell death via involvement of a p53-dependent mechanism associated with inhibition of protein synthesis or a p53-independent mechanism different from inhibition of protein synthesis [155].…”

Section: Rna Oxidation and Repairmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, Aas et al [158] have suggested that the cells have at least one specific mechanism to repair RNA damage, indicating that cells may have a greater investment in the protection of RNA than previously suspected [138,155,159]. Indeed, alkylation damage in RNA is repaired by the enzyme AlkB in E. coli and the related protein in humans [158].…”

Section: Rna Oxidation and Repairmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nucleic acid oxidation in Alzheimer disease

Moreira

Nunomura

Nakamura

et al. 2008

Free Radical Biology and Medicine

187

113

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Increasing evidence suggests that oxidative stress is intimately associated with Alzheimer disease pathophysiology. Nucleic acids (nuclear DNA, mitochondrial DNA, and RNA) are one of the several cellular macromolecules damaged by reactive oxygen species, particularly the hydroxyl radical. Because neurons are irreplaceable and survive as long as the organism does, they need elaborate defense mechanisms to ensure their longevity. In Alzheimer disease, however, an accumulation of nucleic acid oxidation is observed, indicating an increased level of oxidative stress and/or a decreased capacity to repair the nucleic acid damage. In this review, we present data supporting the notion that mitochondrial and metal abnormalities are key sources of oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease. Furthermore, we outline the mechanisms of nucleic acid oxidation and repair. Finally, evidence showing the occurrence of nucleic acid oxidation in Alzheimer disease will be discussed.

show abstract

“…It is noteworthy that studies on some anti-cancer agents have shown that RNA damage can lead to cell-cycle arrest and cell death, much as DNA damage does. RNA damage may cause cell death via either pathway involving p53-dependent mechanism associated with inhibition of protein synthesis or p53-independent mechanism different from inhibition of protein synthesis [103].…”

Section: Rna Oxidation and The Biological Consequencementioning

confidence: 99%