RNA oxidation: Role of polynucleotide phosphorylase in the quality control of oxidized RNA

Malla, Sulochan; Kwakye, Alexander

doi:10.36069/jols/20210603

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…When compared to DNA, the study of RNA damage by oxidation has been neglected, and this is mainly due to the assumption that RNAs tend to have a short half-life due to a rapid turnover before causing deleterious effects ( Malla and Kwakye 2021 ; Tanaka and Chock 2021 ). This neglection resulted in an underestimation of the toxic effect of RNA oxidation on cells ( Li et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Rna Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Inside bacterial cells, the major source of O 2 − is the autoxidation of enzymes like dehydrogenases, glutathione reductase and cytochromes P450 ( Farr and Kogoma 1991 ; Gort and Imlay 1998 ). In eukaryotic cells, the most important source of ROS is the mitochondria via the electron transport chain system ( Malla and Kwakye 2021 ). In phagocytes, O 2 − is largely produced by NADPH oxidase and is used for destruction of pathogens ( Shatwell and Segal 1996 ; Kong and Lin 2010 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Bacterial Response to Oxidative Stress and RNA Oxidation

et al. 2022

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Bacteria have to cope with oxidative stress caused by distinct Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS), derived not only from normal aerobic metabolism but also from oxidants present in their environments. The major ROS include superoxide O2−, hydrogen peroxide H2O2 and radical hydroxide HO•. To protect cells under oxidative stress, bacteria induce the expression of several genes, namely the SoxRS, OxyR and PerR regulons. Cells are able to tolerate a certain number of free radicals, but high levels of ROS result in the oxidation of several biomolecules. Strikingly, RNA is particularly susceptible to this common chemical damage. Oxidation of RNA causes the formation of strand breaks, elimination of bases or insertion of mutagenic lesions in the nucleobases. The most common modification is 8-hydroxyguanosine (8-oxo-G), an oxidized form of guanosine. The structure and function of virtually all RNA species (mRNA, rRNA, tRNA, sRNA) can be affected by RNA oxidation, leading to translational defects with harmful consequences for cell survival. However, bacteria have evolved RNA quality control pathways to eliminate oxidized RNA, involving RNA-binding proteins like the members of the MutT/Nudix family and the ribonuclease PNPase. Here we summarize the current knowledge on the bacterial stress response to RNA oxidation, namely we present the different ROS responsible for this chemical damage and describe the main strategies employed by bacteria to fight oxidative stress and control RNA damage.

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Section: Rna Oxidationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bacterial Response to Oxidative Stress and RNA Oxidation

et al. 2022

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“…Approximately 30–40% of RNA is single stranded and not protected by classic Watson-Crick base pairing and, unlike DNA, RNA is not closely associated with protective histones [ 1 , 4 ]. In addition, the RNA of eukaryotic cells is not sequestered into the nucleus but rather is exposed to increased numbers of chemical agents in the cytoplasm [ 5 , 6 ]. Initial in vitro studies characterized the resistance to depurination of RNA compared to DNA.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Abasic RNA: its formation and potential role in cellular stress response

Prashar,

De La Selle,

Hudak

2023

RNA Biology

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RNA is integral to gene expression as messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA) each play roles to transmit information from DNA into synthesis of functional proteins. During their lifespan, these nucleic acids may be chemically modified by alkylation, oxidation and the removal of bases, which alters their activity. Though much research has been devoted to the detection and repair of damaged DNA, RNA is viewed as a short-lived molecule that is quickly degraded upon damage. However, recent studies indicate that RNAs that become modified, particularly during stress, function as important signalling molecules. In this review, we focus on the effects of abasic RNAs and the modifications that lead to the loss of a base, as RNAs that are initially methylated or oxidized often become abasic. We describe how these chemical changes occur and cite recent work showing that in addition to being indicators of damage, abasic RNAs function as signals that mediate downstream cellular responses to stress.

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RNA oxidation: Role of polynucleotide phosphorylase in the quality control of oxidized RNA

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Bacterial Response to Oxidative Stress and RNA Oxidation

Bacterial Response to Oxidative Stress and RNA Oxidation

Abasic RNA: its formation and potential role in cellular stress response

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