RNA-mediated degradation of microRNAs: A widespread viral strategy?

McCaskill, Jana; Praihirunkit, Pairoa; Sharp, Paul M.; Buck, Amy H.

doi:10.1080/15476286.2015.1034912

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(70 reference statements)

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“…Some viruses have also evolved to interact with specific host miRNAs in a way that leads to degradation of the miRNA (McCaskill, Praihirunkit, Sharp, & Buck, ). For example, two different herpesviruses, murine cytomegalovirus and herpesvirus saimiri (HVS), have evolved distinct noncoding RNAs that interact with miR‐27 and mediate its degradation (Cazalla, Yario, Steitz, & Steitz, ; Libri et al, ; Marcinowski et al, ; Guo, Oei, & Steitz, ).…”

Section: Viral‐ and Host‐derived Mirnas Inside The Cell: A Diverse Ramentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular RNA in viral–host interactions: Thinking outside the cell

et al. 2019

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Small RNAs and their associated RNA interference (RNAi) pathways underpin diverse mechanisms of gene regulation and genome defense across all three kingdoms of life and are integral to virus–host interactions. In plants, fungi and many animals, an ancestral RNAi pathway exists as a host defense mechanism whereby viral double‐stranded RNA is processed to small RNAs that enable recognition and degradation of the virus. While this antiviral RNAi pathway is not generally thought to be present in mammals, other RNAi mechanisms can influence infection through both viral‐ and host‐derived small RNAs. Furthermore, a burgeoning body of data suggests that small RNAs in mammals can function in a non‐cell autonomous manner to play various roles in cell‐to‐cell communication and disease through their transport in extracellular vesicles. While vesicular small RNAs have not been proposed as an antiviral defense pathway per se, there is increasing evidence that the export of host‐ or viral‐derived RNAs from infected cells can influence various aspects of the infection process. This review discusses the current knowledge of extracellular RNA functions in viral infection and the technical challenges surrounding this field of research. This article is categorized under: Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > Regulatory RNAs RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease Regulatory RNAs/RNAi/Riboswitches > RNAi: Mechanisms of Action

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Section: Viral‐ and Host‐derived Mirnas Inside The Cell: A Diverse Ramentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracellular RNA in viral–host interactions: Thinking outside the cell

et al. 2019

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“…Tailing followed by trimming of the 3’ end of miRNAs has been identified as a precursor to miRNA degradation. This has been mechanistically linked to the presence of a highly complementary target that may alter the conformation or accessibility of the 3’ end of the miRNA [ 23 , 24 ], reviewed in [ 40 ]. We do not expect an RNA-mediated recognition mechanism to mediate the widespread degradation in miRNAs observed in VACV-infected cells, however trimming is likely to be a general feature of exonuclease-mediated degradation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantitative Analysis of MicroRNAs in Vaccinia virus Infection Reveals Diversity in Their Susceptibility to Modification and Suppression

et al. 2015

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Vaccinia virus (VACV) is a large cytoplasmic DNA virus that causes dramatic alterations to many cellular pathways including microRNA biogenesis. The virus encodes a poly(A) polymerase which was previously shown to add poly(A) tails to the 3’ end of cellular miRNAs, resulting in their degradation by 24 hours post infection (hpi). Here we used small RNA sequencing to quantify the impact of VACV infection on cellular miRNAs in human cells at both early (6 h) and late (24 h) times post infection. A detailed quantitative analysis of individual miRNAs revealed marked diversity in the extent of their modification and relative change in abundance during infection. Some miRNAs became highly modified (e.g. miR-29a-3p, miR-27b-3p) whereas others appeared resistant (e.g. miR-16-5p). Furthermore, miRNAs that were highly tailed at 6 hpi were not necessarily among the most reduced at 24 hpi. These results suggest that intrinsic features of human cellular miRNAs cause them to be differentially polyadenylated and altered in abundance during VACV infection. We also demonstrate that intermediate and late VACV gene expression are required for optimal repression of some miRNAs including miR-27-3p. Overall this work reveals complex and varied consequences of VACV infection on host miRNAs and identifies miRNAs which are largely resistant to VACV-induced polyadenylation and are therefore present at functional levels during the initial stages of infection and replication.

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“…Another important question regards the conservation of this mechanism of gene regulation in other viruses and host cells. HSUR 1 binds and mediates the degradation of miR-27; this RNA-mediated degradation of host miRNAs is a strategy that is also used by other herpesviruses to downregulate the expression of host miRNAs [71]. It would also be interesting to know if other viruses, or their hosts, also use RNA-mediated miRNA recruitment to target mRNAs as a post-transcriptional mechanism for regulation of gene expression.…”

Section: Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel roles for Sm-class RNAs in the regulation of gene expression

Cazalla

2018

RNA Biology

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Viruses masterfully regulate host gene expression during infection. Many do so, in part, by expressing non-coding RNAs. Recent work has shown that HSUR 2, a viral non-coding RNA expressed by the oncogenic Herpesvirus saimiri, regulates mRNA expression through a novel mechanism. HSUR 2 base pairs with both target mRNAs and host miRNAs in infected cells. This results in HSUR 2-dependent recruitment of host miRNAs and associated Ago proteins to target mRNAs, and the subsequent destabilization of target mRNAs. Using this mechanism, this virus regulates key cellular pathways during viral infection. Here I discuss the evolution of our thinking about HSUR function and explore the implications of recent findings in relation to the current views on the functions of interactions between miRNAs and other classes of non-coding RNAs, the potential advantages of this mechanism of regulation of gene expression, and the evolutionary origin of HSUR 2.

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RNA-mediated degradation of microRNAs: A widespread viral strategy?

Abstract: These authors equally contributed to this work.

Cited by 30 publications

References 63 publications

Extracellular RNA in viral–host interactions: Thinking outside the cell

Extracellular RNA in viral–host interactions: Thinking outside the cell

Quantitative Analysis of MicroRNAs in Vaccinia virus Infection Reveals Diversity in Their Susceptibility to Modification and Suppression

Novel roles for Sm-class RNAs in the regulation of gene expression

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