RNA Interference Directs Innate Immunity Against Viruses in Adult
            <i>Drosophila</i>

Wang, Xiaohong; Aliyari, Roghiyh; Li, Wan Xiang; Li, Hong Wei; Kim, Kevin; Carthew, Richard W.; Atkinson, Peter W.; Ding, Shou‐Wei

doi:10.1126/science.1125694

Cited by 642 publications

(614 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…In yeast, the heterochromatic repeats need to be transcribed to generate siRNA that positively regulates heterochromatin formation (Volpe et al, 2002). A similar system has been described in Drosophila (Pal-Bhadra et al, 2004;van Rij et al, 2006;Wang et al, 2006). The described mechanisms involve deactylation of H3K9Ac by HDAC1, demethylation of H3K4 by LSD1 and KDM2A, methylation of H3K9 or H3K23 and binding of HP1 (Schotta et al, 2004).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatin organization at the nuclear periphery as revealed by image analysis of structured illumination microscopy data

Fišerová

Efenberková

Sieger

et al. 2017

Journal of Cell Science

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The nuclear periphery (NP) plays a substantial role in chromatin organization. Heterochromatin at the NP is interspersed with active chromatin surrounding nuclear pore complexes (NPCs); however, details of the peripheral chromatin organization are missing. To discern the distribution of epigenetic marks at the NP of HeLa nuclei, we used structured illumination microscopy combined with a new MATLAB software tool for automatic NP and NPC detection, measurements of fluorescent intensity and statistical analysis of measured data. Our results show that marks for both active and nonactive chromatin associate differentially with NPCs. The incidence of heterochromatin marks, such as H3K27me2 and H3K9me2, was significantly lower around NPCs. In contrast, the presence of marks of active chromatin such as H3K4me2 was only decreased very slightly around the NPCs or not at all (H3K9Ac). Interestingly, the histone demethylases LSD1 (also known as KDM1A) and KDM2A were enriched within the NPCs, suggesting that there was a chromatinmodifying mechanism at the NPCs. Inhibition of transcription resulted in a larger drop in the distribution of H1, H3K9me2 and H3K23me2, which implies that transcription has a role in the organization of heterochromatin at the NP.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chromatin organization at the nuclear periphery as revealed by image analysis of structured illumination microscopy data

Fišerová

Efenberková

Sieger

et al. 2017

Journal of Cell Science

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“…Consequently, plant and insect viruses have evolved virulence factors called viral suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs) that block various steps of the antiviral RNAi mechanism (Haasnoot et al , 2007; Wu et al , 2010). Experimental appreciation of the effects of RNAi on virus accumulation therefore requires the use of VSR‐deficient viruses (Deleris et al , 2006; Wang et al , 2006a; Diaz‐Pendon et al , 2007; Maillard et al , 2013). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inactivation of the type I interferon pathway reveals long double‐stranded RNA‐mediated RNA interference in mammalian cells

et al. 2016

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RNA interference (RNAi) elicited by long double‐stranded (ds) or base‐paired viral RNA constitutes the major mechanism of antiviral defence in plants and invertebrates. In contrast, it is controversial whether it acts in chordates. Rather, in vertebrates, viral RNAs induce a distinct defence system known as the interferon (IFN) response. Here, we tested the possibility that the IFN response masks or inhibits antiviral RNAi in mammalian cells. Consistent with that notion, we find that sequence‐specific gene silencing can be triggered by long dsRNAs in differentiated mouse cells rendered deficient in components of the IFN pathway. This unveiled response is dependent on the canonical RNAi machinery and is lost upon treatment of IFN‐responsive cells with type I IFN. Notably, transfection with long dsRNA specifically vaccinates IFN‐deficient cells against infection with viruses bearing a homologous sequence. Thus, our data reveal that RNAi constitutes an ancient antiviral strategy conserved from plants to mammals that precedes but has not been superseded by vertebrate evolution of the IFN system.

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“…Fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster is a model creature for studying innate immunity, including antiviral host defense (Galiana-Arnoux et al, 2006). RNAi against viruses was reported in adult Drosophila (Wang et al, 2006). Null alleles of Dicer result in embryo death in fish and mice (Giraldez et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%