RNA in Developing Plant Cells

Oota, Yukito

doi:10.1146/annurev.pp.15.060164.000313

Cited by 35 publications

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“…into stems. The important role of cytokinins (phytokinins) in release of buds from dormancy may involve their influencing synthesis of proteins and R N A and transport of amino acids in cells (Oota 1964 increases in height growth (observed for 17 KLEBS, G . 1917 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in kinetin-like activity in buds of Betula and Populus during release from dormancy

Domański¹,

Kozlowski²

1968

Can. J. Bot.

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Levels of kinetin-like activity in dormant buds and buds at various stages of release from dormancy were determined by an assay involving retardation by kinetin-like substances of chlorophyll degradation in tissue of senescing leaves of Raphnrzus test plants. Dormancy of buds of Betlrlapapyrifera and Poprrhrs balsarnifera cuttings was broken by exposure to 2-chloroethanol vapor or immersion in warm water. Water extracts of buds at various stages of dormancy were separated by ascending chromatography and active R f values identified. The amount of kinetin-like activity at various stages of bud dormancy was then determined by observing effects of active R f values of bud extracts on senescence (cl~lorophyll retention) of Raphanus plants. Kinetin-like activity was absent in dormant buds of both species and was present in various amounts after dormancy was broken. In Betula, such activity was found primarily at R f values of 0.3 to 0.5, and secondarily at 1.0. In Poprrllrs, kinetin-like activity was found at Rr values 0.5 to 0.6 and 0.9 to 1.0. Kinetin-like activity was greater in non-dormant buds of Popul~rs than in those of Betuln. However, the trend of variation in activity with time after breaking of dormancy was similar in both species. After bud dormancy was broken, kinetin-like activity in both species increased progressively until shortly before buds opened, and it decreased thereafter. Evidence is cited that release of buds from dormancy involves a change in the balance of growth regulators, with various growth promoters increasing to overcome the effects of inhibitors. Endogenous cytokinins appear to be involved, together with other growth promoters, in regulating release of buds from dormancy.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in kinetin-like activity in buds of Betula and Populus during release from dormancy

Domański¹,

Kozlowski²

1968

Can. J. Bot.

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“…The cotyledon, cell poptlulatioil is primarily composed of large parenchyma cellss, whose major role is to suipplyl the embryonic axis with nutrients duirinig the early stages of germination. Cotyledons of germinating seeds are considecred to be senescing tissute (18), btut ditring the first few days of germination a 3-fold increa!se in the level o!f RNA content was observed by Marcus an-d Feeley (16) and Cherry (5).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

De Novo Synthesis of Isocitritase in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cotyledons

Gientka-Rychter¹,

Cherry²

1968

Plant Physiol.

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Receiv-ed NovTember 20, 1967. A bstract. Germination of peanut seed is accompanied by a rapid increase in isocitritase (isocitrate lyase, EC 4.1.3.1) during the first 4 days. The presence of cycloheximide (50 tg/ml) during water imbibition inhibited the increase in isocitritase aotivity. Actinomycin D conversely did not inhibit isocitritase activity until the second day of imbibition while RNA syn-thesis was inhibited. Germination of peanut seed in 14C-reconstituted amino acids followed by fractionation of a 20 to 35 %c ammonium sulfate preparation on a Sephadex G-200 column (57-fold purification) showed that the active enzymic fraction coincided with a large peak of radioactivity. Germination of peanut seed in 45 %o D^O followed by enzyme purification and CsCI equilibrium cenitrifugation revealed that all the enzyme from D,O seed had a higher density than normal isocitritase. These data indicate that isocitritase in peanut seed is synthesized de novo.

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“…The inhibitor data reported here stuggest that nucleic acid (mRNA) as well as protein synthesis are necessary for cyanidin biosynthesis in Sorghum. If the photoreactions control specific enzyme syntheses (17), the varied limiting factors cited in anthocyanin biosynthesis (4,20,23,25) cotuld be explained on a common basis. But it is difficult as yet to differentiate between cause and effect, and more precise information awaits the demonstration of flavonoid biosynthesis from C, and C., prectursors in cell-free preparations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulatory Mechanisms in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in First Internodes of Sorghum vulgare: Effect of Presumed Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis

Stafford

1966

Plant Physiol.

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Summary. There was a 6 to 24-hotr lag in the production of anthocyanins in the l:ght after excision of 4-day-old etiolated internodes of Sorghum vu'g(gre variety Whea&-> land milo. In internodes infiltrated with water, ap geninidin was formed first at 19 'o 24 hours and continued to be produced slowly. Luteolinidin was formed slightly later, but its formation rapidly exceeded that of apigeninidin. Cyanidin was the last type to be produced, but equaled the amounts of luteolinidin by 4 days. In noninfiltrated internodes, the production of cyanidin was greatly accelerated, beginning at about 6 hours.Data from experiments with inhibitors that presui-ably affect protein synthesis at different loci indicated that protein synthesis was necessary for maximum production of all 3 anthocyanins, but that {different steps were rate limiting. Light independent synthesis of ap:geninidin and luteolinidin was inh:;Wted by chloramphencol and L-ethionine but not by actinomycin D and 8-azaguanine. liowever, the synthesis of these 2 anthocyanins was not inhibited 'by puromycin, but was sometimes stimulated. The lightinduced synthesis of cyanidin was inhibited by actinomycin, azaguanine, chloramphenicol and ethionine. Actionmycin no longer was inhib tory if added after incubation for 6 hours in air. All inhibi'tors were capable of inhibiting to various degrees either the incorporation of 14C-uracil into RNA or 14C-leucine into protein. The inhibitor data suggest that the light insensitive synthesis of apIgeninidin andl ltteolinidin may be controlled by enzyme synthesis at the level of ribosomes via stable mRNA, while the light-induced production of cyanidin is dependent initially on the production of mRNA. The latter hypothesis is similar to that recently proposed by Lange and Mohr for a cyanidin produced in Siniapis seedlings.

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RNA in Developing Plant Cells

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Variations in kinetin-like activity in buds of Betula and Populus during release from dormancy

Variations in kinetin-like activity in buds of Betula and Populus during release from dormancy

De Novo Synthesis of Isocitritase in Peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Cotyledons

Regulatory Mechanisms in Anthocyanin Biosynthesis in First Internodes of Sorghum vulgare: Effect of Presumed Inhibitors of Protein Synthesis

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