RNA expression of TLR10 in normal equine tissues

Tarlinton, Rachael; Alder, Lauren; Moreton, Joanna; Maboni, Grazieli; Emes, Richard D.; Tötemeyer, Sabine

doi:10.1186/s13104-016-2161-9

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 34 publications

(35 reference statements)

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“…According to the UniProt database, there is evidence of gene transcription for horse TLRs 2–4 and 7–10 , and evidence for translation for TLR9 in domestic horses and donkeys. However, the expression of equine TLR1-10 has been confirmed as well (Astakhova et al 2009 ; Uddin et al 2016 ; Tarlinton et al 2016 ). Dugovich et al ( 2019 ), and Smith et al ( 2020 ) confirmed the expression of TLR2, 5 and 9 in Equus quagga spp .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Twelve toll-like receptor (TLR) genes in the family Equidae – comparative genomics, selection and evolution

Stejskalova,

Janova,

Splichalova

et al. 2023

Vet Res Commun

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Toll-like receptors (TLRs) represent an important part of the innate immune system. While human and murine TLRs have been intensively studied, little is known about TLRs in non-model species. The order Perissodactyla comprises a variety of free-living and domesticated species exposed to different pathogens in different habitats and is therefore suitable for analyzing the diversity and evolution of immunity-related genes. We analyzed TLR genes in the order Perissodactyla with a focus on the family Equidae. Twelve TLRs were identified by bioinformatic analyses of online genomic resources; their sequences were confirmed in equids by genomic DNA re-sequencing of a panel of nine species. The expression of TLR11 and TLR12 was confirmed in the domestic horse by cDNA sequencing. Phylogenetic reconstruction of the TLR gene family in Perissodactyla identified six sub-families. TLR4 clustered together with TLR5; the TLR1-6-10 subfamily showed a high degree of sequence identity. The average estimated evolutionary divergence of all twelve TLRs studied was 0.3% among the Equidae; the most divergent CDS were those of Equus caballus and Equus hemionus kulan (1.34%) in the TLR3, and Equus africanus somaliensis and Equus quagga antiquorum (2.1%) in the TLR1 protein. In each TLR gene, there were haplotypes shared between equid species, most extensively in TLR3 and TLR9 CDS, and TLR6 amino acid sequence. All twelve TLR genes were under strong negative overall selection. Signatures of diversifying selection in specific codon sites were detected in all TLRs except TLR8. Differences in the selection patterns between virus-sensing and non-viral TLRs were observed.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Twelve toll-like receptor (TLR) genes in the family Equidae – comparative genomics, selection and evolution

Stejskalova,

Janova,

Splichalova

et al. 2023

Vet Res Commun

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“…Given the similar expression profile, epigenetic regulation of TLR3 could be involved in young foals. The function of TLR10 is not known, although it is expressed in lymphoid cells and tissues of the horse [ 121 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis of immune genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of young foals and adult horses

et al. 2018

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During the neonatal period, the ability to generate immune effector and memory responses to vaccines or pathogens is often questioned. This study was undertaken to obtain a global view of the natural differences in the expression of immune genes early in life. Our hypothesis was that transcriptome analyses of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of foals (on day 1 and day 42 after birth) and adult horses would show differential gene expression profiles that characterize natural immune processes. Gene ontology enrichment analysis provided assessment of biological processes affected by age, and a list of 897 genes with ≥2 fold higher (p<0.01) expression in day 42 when compared to day 1 foal samples. Up-regulated genes included B cell and T cell receptor diversity genes; DNA replication enzymes; natural killer cell receptors; granzyme B and perforin; complement receptors; immunomodulatory receptors; cell adhesion molecules; and cytokines/chemokines and their receptors. The list of 1,383 genes that had higher (p<0.01) expression on day 1 when compared to day 42 foal samples was populated by genes with roles in innate immunity such as antimicrobial proteins; pathogen recognition receptors; cytokines/chemokines and their receptors; cell adhesion molecules; co-stimulatory molecules; and T cell receptor delta chain. Within the 742 genes with increased expression between day 42 foal and adult samples, B cell immunity was the main biological process (p = 2.4E-04). Novel data on markedly low (p<0.0001) TLR3 gene expression, and high (p≤0.01) expression of IL27, IL13RA1, IREM-1, SIRL-1, and SIRPα on day 1 compared to day 42 foal samples point out potential mechanisms of increased susceptibility to pathogens in early life. The results portray a progression from innate immune gene expression predominance early in life to adaptive immune gene expression increasing with age with a putative overlay of immune suppressing genes in the neonatal phase. These results provide insight to the unique attributes of the equine neonatal and young immune system, and offer many avenues of future investigation.

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“…Although this receptor can homodimerize and form heterodimers with TLR1, TLR2, and TLR6 [ 181 , 182 , 183 , 184 ], the functional significance of the resulting complexes and TLR10 itself remains mostly unknown [ 182 ]. It was shown that the TLR10/TLR2 heterodimer and TLR10/TLR10 can bind MyD88, but they are incapable of NF-κB activation [ 185 ]. It seems that TLR10 serves as an inhibitor of the MyD88 dependent and independent pathways [ 86 , 178 ].…”

Section: Structure and Intrinsic Disorder In Tlrs And Major Players I...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Intrinsic Disorder in the Signaling Pathways Induced by Toll-Like Receptors

Redwan

Aljadawi

Uversky

2022

Biology

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In this study, we examined the interplay between protein intrinsic disorder, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, and signaling pathways induced by Toll-like receptors (TLRs). To this end, 10 HCV proteins, 10 human TLRs, and 41 proteins from the TLR-induced downstream pathways were considered from the prevalence of intrinsic disorder. Mapping of the intrinsic disorder to the HCV-TLR interactome and to the TLR-based pathways of human innate immune response to the HCV infection demonstrates that substantial levels of intrinsic disorder are characteristic for proteins involved in the regulation and execution of these innate immunity pathways and in HCV-TLR interaction. Disordered regions, being commonly enriched in sites of various posttranslational modifications, may play important functional roles by promoting protein–protein interactions and support the binding of the analyzed proteins to other partners such as nucleic acids. It seems that this system represents an important illustration of the role of intrinsic disorder in virus–host warfare.

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RNA expression of TLR10 in normal equine tissues

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Twelve toll-like receptor (TLR) genes in the family Equidae – comparative genomics, selection and evolution

Twelve toll-like receptor (TLR) genes in the family Equidae – comparative genomics, selection and evolution

Transcriptome analysis of immune genes in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of young foals and adult horses

Hepatitis C Virus Infection and Intrinsic Disorder in the Signaling Pathways Induced by Toll-Like Receptors

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