RNA editing of sorghum mitochondrial atp6 transcripts changes 15 amino acids and generates a carboxy-terminus identical to yeast

Kempken, Frank; Mullen, J. A.; Pring, D. R.; Tang, Hoang V.

doi:10.1007/bf00317071

Cited by 59 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…In Triticum, eight editing sites at the 3Ј end of the transcript were analyzed in cms and fertile lines, including the conserved CAA codon, which is edited to the new stop codon ЈTAAЈ. Thus, the polypeptide deduced from wheat atp6 cDNAs is seven amino acids shorter compared with the genomic version, as proposed in an earlier study of higher plant atp6 RNA editing (30). No differences were detected between etiolated shoots and anther tissues (data not shown) of fertile and male sterile lines.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Cell type-specific loss of atp6 RNA editing in cytoplasmic male sterile Sorghum bicolor

Howad

Kempken

1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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RNA editing and cytoplasmic male sterility are two important phenomena in higher plant mitochondria. To determine whether correlations might exist between the two, RNA editing in different tissues of Sorghum bicolor was compared employing reverse transcription-PCR and subsequent sequence analysis. In etiolated shoots, RNA editing of transcripts of plant mitochondrial atp6, atp9, nad3, nad4, and rps12 genes was identical among fertile or cytoplasmic male sterile plants. We then established a protocol for mitochondrial RNA isolation from plant anthers and pollen to include in these studies. Whereas RNA editing of atp9, nad3, nad4, and rps12 transcripts in anthers was similar to etiolated shoots, mitochondrial atp6 RNA editing was strongly reduced in anthers of the A3Tx398 male sterile line of S. bicolor. atp6 transcripts of wheat and selected plastid transcripts in S. bicolor showed normal RNA editing, indicating that loss of atp6 RNA editing is specific for cytoplasmic male sterility S. bicolor mitochondria. Restoration of fertility in F1 and F2 lines correlated with an increase in RNA editing of atp6 transcripts. Our data suggest that loss of atp6 RNA editing contributes to or causes cytoplasmic male sterility in S. bicolor. Further analysis of the mechanism of cell type-specific loss of atp6 RNA editing activity may advance our understanding of the mechanism of RNA editing.Mitochondria are found in almost all eukaryotes, with the exception of a few parasitic unicellular organisms. Complete sequences of mitochondrial (mt) genomes are now available from a large number of different eukaryotes, including the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha (1) and the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana (2). The mt genome of liverwort consists of a single circular molecule (3, 4). In remarkable contrast, the mt genome of A. thaliana is split into several different subcircles (5). A multipartite mt structure due to recombination events was first observed in Brassica campestris (6), and appears to be a general feature of higher plants (7). One of the consequences of recombinational activity in higher plant mitochondria is the generation of chimeric reading frames (crf), e.g., the crf pcf found in petunia (8), orf107 of Sorghum bicolor line IS1112C (9), and T-urf13 found in the T cytoplasm of Zea mays (10-12), which is generated from nonprotein-coding sequences only.Crfs are often associated with cytoplasmic male sterility (cms), a genetic trait that has an important economic relevance for the generation of hybrid seed. cms is characterized by aberrations in microsporogenesis or microgametogenesis that result in microspore abortion in higher plants, and are often inherited through the mitochondria of the maternal cytoplasm. Plants carrying the cms trait show a more or less normal phenotype during vegetative growth, but fail to shed viable pollen.Crfs are usually transcribed and subjected to the mt RNA maturation process. The mechanisms of gene expression in plant mitochondria are extremely complex systems involving site-specific...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Cell type-specific loss of atp6 RNA editing in cytoplasmic male sterile Sorghum bicolor

Howad

Kempken

1997

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The readers are referred to PREPACT ( http://www.prepact.de ) for prediction, analysis, annotation and graphical display of RNA editing sites (Lenz et al 2010 ). RNA editing can result in the creation of a translation start codon (Hoch et al 1991 ;Chapdelaine and Bonen 1991 ), formation/removal of stop codon (Kugita et al 2003 ;Hiesel et al 1989 ;Hiesel et al 1994 ) and alteration in amino acid sequence to create conserved and functional protein, partial editing sites (only a subset of transcripts is edited) or even silent editing sites-no change in amino acid but may result in change of translatability due to codon usage differences (most cases of editing at third nucleotide of the codon are silent) (Kempken et al 1991 ).…”

Section: Rna Editingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant Mitochondrial Omics: State-of-the-Art Knowledge

Ghulam

Kousar

Vardhan

2015

PlantOmics: The Omics of Plant Science

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“…That RNA editing is a posttranscriptional RNA processing or maturation step is supported by the findings that RNA editing extent correlates temporally with splicing (43,47) and that a single nuclear locus specifies both RNA editing extent and transcript abundance in petunia mitochondria (27). Many transcripts are shown to be partially edited in plant mitochondria (10,17,21,24,27,28,38,40,43,47). In some cases, partially edited transcripts are more abundant than fully edited transcripts (28,40).…”

mentioning

confidence: 93%

“…In plant mitochondria, RNA editing sites occur mainly in the protein-coding regions and are often located within the first and second positions of codons, therefore changing the encoded amino acids (16,44). RNA editing can create new start (5) and stop (24,45) codons and often though not always increases amino acid sequence conservation (8,39). That RNA editing is a posttranscriptional RNA processing or maturation step is supported by the findings that RNA editing extent correlates temporally with splicing (43,47) and that a single nuclear locus specifies both RNA editing extent and transcript abundance in petunia mitochondria (27).…”

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confidence: 99%

Protein Polymorphism Generated by Differential RNA Editing of a Plant Mitochondrial rps12 Gene

Wilson

Phreaner

et al. 1996

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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The rps12 gene transcripts encoding mitochondrial ribosomal protein S12 are partially edited in petunia mitochondria. Different petunia lines were found vary in the extent of rps12 transcript editing. To test whether multiple forms of RPS12 proteins are produced in petunia mitochondria as a result of partial editing, we probed mitochondrial proteins with specific antibodies against edited and unedited forms of a 13-amino-acid RPS12 peptide spanning two amino acids affected by RNA editing. Both antibodies reacted with mitochondrial proteins at the expected size for RPS12 proteins. The amounts of unedited RPS12 protein in different petunia lines correlate with the abundance of unedited transcripts in these plants. Unedited rps12 translation products are also detected in other plant species, indicating that polymorphism in mitochondrial rps12 expression is widespread. Moreover, we show that RPS12 proteins recognized by both edited-specific and unedited-specific antibodies are present in a petunia mitochondrial ribosome fraction. These results demonstrate that partially edited transcripts can be translated and that the protein product can accumulate to detectable levels. Therefore, genes exhibiting incompletely edited transcripts can encode more than one gene product in plant mitochondria.

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RNA editing of sorghum mitochondrial atp6 transcripts changes 15 amino acids and generates a carboxy-terminus identical to yeast

Cited by 59 publications

References 36 publications

Cell type-specific loss of atp6 RNA editing in cytoplasmic male sterile Sorghum bicolor

Cell type-specific loss of atp6 RNA editing in cytoplasmic male sterile Sorghum bicolor

Plant Mitochondrial Omics: State-of-the-Art Knowledge

Protein Polymorphism Generated by Differential RNA Editing of a Plant Mitochondrial rps12 Gene

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