RNA Biomarkers: Glycan Stimulation Enables Purification of Prostate Cancer Circulating Tumor Cells on PEDOT NanoVelcro Chips for RNA Biomarker Detection (Adv. Healthcare Mater. 3/2018)

Abstract

In article number https://doi.org/10.1002/adhm.201700701, Hsiao‐hua Yu and co‐workers purified circulating tumor cells (CTCs) from blood samples of prostate cancer (PCa) patients. This platform not only captures CTCs with high efficiency and specificity, but also, released these cells gently by a competitive‐binding mechanism. The purified CTCs provide well‐preserved RNA transcripts for the analysis of the expression level of several PCa‐specific RNA biomarkers, which could provide clinical insights into the disease and valuable information for cancer diagnosis and therapeutics.

Surface Engineering of Phenylboronic Acid-Functionalized Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) for Fast Responsive and Sensitive Glucose Monitoring

“…All of the chemicals were used without further purification. The phenylboronic acid-functionalized 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT-PBA) was synthesized following procedures recently reported . The procedure is briefly introduced here.…”

“…Compared to traditional metallic materials or semiconductors, the fabrication of conducting polymers and their nanostructures can be simply achieved by chemical or electrochemical polymerization . Poly­(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) shows superior ionic and electronic transporting properties, which have been used for various bioelectronic applications. ,, In recent years, it has become very common to use functionalized PEDOT to mimic biological membranes, which allows the biorecognition events found in biological systems, such as controlled capture and release of circulating tumor cells by Shen et al as well as the large enhancement of neurite outgrowth by Zhu et al In this study, we developed an enzyme-free platform for monitoring glucose by using a phenylboronic acid (PBA)-grafted PEDOT film. Boronic acid can reversibly bind with cis -1,2-diols or cis -1,3-diols to form a stable cyclic boronate ester in the aqueous phase .…”

Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Bearing Pyridylboronic Acid Group for Specific Recognition of Sialic Acid

“…To this end, biofunctional molecules of natural or synthetic origin are frequently incorporated into conducting polymers by various methods, such as doping, mechanical complexation, and chemical introduction. − By chemically conjugating a biofunctional molecule to the monomer of a conducting polymer, the long-term stability of the polymer is enhanced and the amount of ligand or receptor incorporated is rigorously controlled. ,, Various bioactive molecules, such as DNA, enzymes, and antibodies, have been introduced to the monomer 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) through covalent linkers. These PEDOT adducts have been used for detecting biomarkers, cancer cells, viruses, bacteria, neurotransmitters, sugars, hormones, and so on. − Compared to biomolecules, a synthetic ligand has the advantages of chemical stability, uniform quality, and robustness. Successful label-free electrochemical detection of human C-reactive protein, an inflammation biomarker, was achieved by developing a PEDOT-bearing zwitterionic phosphorylcholine group in the side chain with the aid of calcium ions. − We also succeeded in detecting seasonal human influenza viruses by conjugating a synthetic sialyllactose to aminooxy group-functionalized PEDOT. , …”

“…Among various artificial ligands and receptors, phenylboronic acid (PhBA) has attracted considerable attention owing to its ability to form selective and reversible covalent interactions with SA in acidic conditions. − In particular, it has been chemically introduced into polymers and self-assembled monolayers for SA sensing, cancer-cell sorting, and virus detection. ,− Meta-amide-substituted PhBA is frequently used as an efficient SA binder. , Recently, a new class of boronic acid motifs, namely, pyridylboronic acid (PyBA), has been reported to exhibit an enhanced binding affinity with SA relative to PhBA under weakly acidic pH conditions, although the binding mechanisms remain unclear . PyBA was incorporated into a carbon dot as a fluorescent probe for optical SA sensing .…”