RNA-Binding Protein Rbm24 as a Multifaceted Post-Transcriptional Regulator of Embryonic Lineage Differentiation and Cellular Homeostasis

Abstract

RNA-binding proteins control the metabolism of RNAs at all stages of their lifetime. They are critically required for the post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in a wide variety of physiological and pathological processes. Rbm24 is a highly conserved RNA-binding protein that displays strongly regionalized expression patterns and exhibits dynamic changes in subcellular localization during early development. There is increasing evidence that it acts as a multifunctional regulator to switch cell fate determination and to maintain tissue homeostasis. Dysfunction of Rbm24 disrupts cell differentiation in nearly every tissue where it is expressed, such as skeletal and cardiac muscles, and different head sensory organs, but the molecular events that are affected may vary in a tissue-specific, or even a stage-specific manner. Recent works using different animal models have uncovered multiple post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms by which Rbm24 functions in key developmental processes. In particular, it represents a major splicing factor in muscle cell development, and plays an essential role in cytoplasmic polyadenylation during lens fiber cell terminal differentiation. Here we review the advances in understanding the implication of Rbm24 during development and disease, by focusing on its regulatory roles in physiological and pathological conditions.

Rbm24 displays dynamic functions required for myogenic differentiation during muscle regeneration

“…Rbm24 (RNA binding motif protein 24), one of these post-transcriptional regulators of embryonic lineage differentiation and tissue homeostasis, contains a single RNA recognition motif (RRM) at the N-terminal region and an uncharacterized C-terminal region 25 . Several studies have reported an essential role for Rbm24 during myogenesis and somitogenesis in vertebrate embryos as well as in cultured cell lines 26 – 30 .…”

RBM39 Alters Phosphorylation of c-Jun and Binds to Viral RNA to Promote PRRSV Proliferation

“…the phosphorylation of nuclear transcription factor c-Jun; RBM39 and the phosphorylated c-Jun in the nucleus form a complex that is prone to translocation from the nucleus to the cytoplasm, which further reduces the retention of c-Jun in the nucleus; Decreased phosphorylated c-Jun in the nucleus, downregulating the transcription complex of c-Jun and c-Fos, resulting in down-regulation of the transcription level of IFNb,TNF-a,IL-1b,IL-6 and other genes controlled by the AP-1 promoter. (3) The enhancement of the binding capacity of RBM39 with PRRSV RNA hints that the improvement of viral RNA stability also contributes to the PRRSV proliferation (Figure 9). It is worth noting that RBM39 does not markedly affect the phosphorylation level of JNK and its upstream.…”

“…Through binding RNAs, RBPs assemble in ribonucleoprotein complexes, which dictate the fate and the function of virtually every cellular RNA molecules. RBPs can bind single-stranded or double-stranded RNAs, and play an important role in regulating RNA metabolism and gene expression as post-transcriptional regulators (2,3). RBPs are involved in biological processes such as RNA transcription, editing, splicing, transportation and positioning, stability and translation (4).…”

Rbm24 Displays Dynamic Functions Required for Myogenic Differentiation During Muscle Regeneration

“…Rbm24 (RNA binding motif protein 24), one of these post-transcriptional regulators of embryonic lineage differentiation and tissue homeostasis, is an RBP that contains a single RNA recognition motif (RRM) at the N-terminal region and an uncharacterized C-terminal region 24 . Several studies have reported an essential role for Rbm24 during myogenesis and somitogenesis in vertebrate embryos, as well as in cultured cell lines [25][26][27][28] .…”