“…Despite warnings from measurement experts about the limitations of standardized tests and the possible outcomes of their misuse (Drahozal & Frisbie, 1988;Lenke & Keene, 1988;Loyd, 1986), the public has demanded and governing bodies have mandated high test scores as "proof' of educational quality. Members of these same groups have been quick to denounce educators when predictable outcomes, such as teaching to the test or more blatant cheating, have occurred (e.g., Cannell, 1988;CBS News, 60 Minutes, 1990).…”