“…Studies have shown that the transformation of land use patterns caused by intense development and construction disturbances has boosted the process of replacing old landscapes with new landscapes (Dolejš, Nádvorník, Raška, & Riezner, 2019; Falcucci, Maiorano, & Boitani, 2007; Kumari, Balaji, & Mani, 2015). As a severely threatened ecosystem, rivers are facing multiple pressures across different spatial and temporal scales (Best, 2019; Weigelhofer, Brauns, Gilvear, Haidvogl, & Hein, 2021). However, some villages that are closely associated with rivers still maintain their distinctive local characteristics in terms of space and culture, demonstrating strong resilience under the challenge of environmental change (Adams, 1993; Goldstein & Magilligan, 2011; Komakech, Mul, Zaag, & Rwehumbiza, 2011; Meng & He, 2019; Pío‐León et al, 2017).…”