Riverbank Erosion Induced Migration by the Char-Dwellers in Bangladesh: Towards a Better Strategy

Economic Effect of School Dropout in Bangladesh

“…Some people are migrated frequently for livelihood, their children are highly vulnerable to school dropout. Migration has been shown to be both positively and negatively related to school dropout [32]. Frequent migration influences the household and minimizes school attainment and the absence of a family member can increase the labour burden at home.…”

Vulnerability to riverbank erosion in India and Bangladesh: A review for future research framework

“…The migrants mostly lived along the cities' fringes in squatter settlements and worked majorly in the non-skilled sector earning very scantily Haque, 2003, 2004). Occupational shift after migration was also observed among the people of Zanjira and Hizla thana, Bangladesh where people started drifting towards activities like day labour (Islam, 2012a;Mamun, 1996). The population in Shebagram Village in Bangladesh primarily engaged in fishing but due to riverbank induced migration they had to move away from homes and faced numerous challenges which negatively impacted their occupation (Rashid, 2013).…”

“…The average number of times people were displaced in Kazipur was 7 (Haque & Zaman, 1989) and about 20% of the victims were displaced more than 10 times (Zaman, 1989) in the mid-1980s. Some villages in Zanjira, Bangladesh, faced displacement up to 17 times in 40 years (Islam, 2012a). Displacement was found to be more common in the char areas (Haque, 1988;Islam et al, 2010).…”

“…Destruction of homes forced people to live on roads and embankments (Rahman & Gain, 2020). Very few were able to rebuild their homes, therefore, most people lived in makeshift houses assembled out of tin sheds or in huts or shacks (Islam & Hossain, 2020) which reduced their expenses and made it easier for them to deconstruct their homes if they had to migrate to other places (Islam, 2012a). Since many erosion-hit people had to live without a roof over their heads, it further increased their vulnerability to theft, losing valuable materials, money and getting attacked my humans and animals (Islam & Rashid, 2011).…”