River water turbidity removal using new natural coagulant aids: case study of Euphrates River, Iraq

Abstract

For turbidity removal, most of drinking water treatment plants are using coagulants due to the presence of suspended and colloidal materials at the coagulation and flocculation units. Aluminium and sulphates salts are the widely used coagulants, such as Aluminium sulphate (Alum) and ferric chloride. However, several researches have linked Alzheimer's disease to the use of Aluminium sulphate. Hence, scholars have conducted several researches on the possibility to reduce the amount of Aluminium sulphate by using natural material/plants base as coagulant aids. In this study, Mallow's Leaves Extracts (MLE) and Carob's Pods Extracts (CPE) were used as an alternative coagulant aid. Couples of coagulation tests were implemented to find the optimal dosage of Aluminium Sulphates were used as coagulants. The results displayed that the maximum turbidity removal efficiency by adding 100% of each coagulant (i.e., Alum, MLE and CPE) were (61.16%, 51.175% and 37.12%), respectively. In addition, the minimum residual turbidity and maximum turbidity removal efficiency were 4.56 NTU and 97.72% by adding 22.5 Alum and 7.5 MLE presenting 30 mg/l dosing. Further, the minimum residual turbidity and maximum turbidity removal efficiency were 15.4 NTU and 92.3% by adding 22.5 Alum and 7.5 CPE presenting 30 mg/l dosing.

Application of QUAL2K for Water Quality Modeling and Management for the Euphrates River in Fallujah City as a Case Study

“…The study area is characterized by a dry desert climate with high temperatures in summer and little rain in winter because it is located between the two rain lines (100-150 mm). The surface water quality of Iraq region has received much attention by the interested researchers [29,30], and this bring the interest of the current research for an investigation of the water quality evaluation.…”

Use of wastewater alum-coagulation sludge as a phosphorus fertiliser – a mini review

“…Coagulation stands out as a widely employed and conventional treatment process for eliminating pollutants, including P, from wastewater (Nayeri and Mousavi 2022 ; Owodunni et al 2023 ; Pajak 2023 ; Ramal et al 2022 ; Tolofari et al 2021 ; Zheng et al 2023 ). Aluminium (Al) salts serve as the predominant primary coagulants in water treatment processes globally, owing to their attributes of low energy consumption, straightforward design, easy operation, high efficiency, and cost-effectiveness (Dassanayake et al 2015 ; Muisa et al 2020 ; Pajak 2023 ; Ramal et al 2022 ; Tolofari et al 2021 ; Zheng et al 2023 ). Coagulation utilizing Al salts efficiently eliminates P from wastewater, transforming it into a valuable resource for fertilizer production and thereby mitigating a significant environmental concern (Manamperuma and Ratnaweera 2015 ).…”