River Water Quality Model no. 1 (RWQM1): II. Biochemical process equations

Reichert, Peter; Borchardt, Dietrich; Henze, Mogens; Rauch, Wolfgang; Shanahan, Peter; Somlyódy, L.; Vanrolleghem, Peter

doi:10.2166/wst.2001.0241

Cited by 151 publications

(109 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Whitehead et al, 1997;Reichert et al, 2001;Scharfe et al, 2009) and, due largely to a paucity of observations, typically represent them as an assemblage. If supported by monitoring data however, information from controlled experiments (Bowie et al, 1985) offers scope to improve model performance by discriminating between the behaviourally well-defined functional groups and their environmental requirements (light, heat, nutrients).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which offers more scope to suppress river phytoplankton blooms: Reducing nutrient pollution or riparian shading?

Hutchins

Johnson

Deflandre-Vlandas

et al. 2010

Science of The Total Environment

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River flow and quality data, including chlorophyll-a as a surrogate for river phytoplankton biomass, were collated for the River Ouse catchment in NE England, which according to established criteria is a largely unpolluted network. Against these data, a daily river quality model (QUESTOR) was setup and successfully tested. Following a review, a river quality classification scheme based on phytoplankton biomass was proposed. Based on climate change predictions the model indicated that a shift from present day oligotrophic/mesotrophic conditions to a mesotrophic/eutrophic system could occur by 2080. Management options were evaluated to mitigate against this predicted decline in quality. Reducing nutrient pollution was found to be less effective at suppressing phytoplankton growth than the less costly option of establishing riparian shading. In the Swale tributary, ongoing efforts to reduce phosphorus loads in sewage treatment works will only reduce peak (95 th percentile) phytoplankton by 11%, whereas a reduction of 44% is possible if riparian tree cover is also implemented. Likewise, in the Ure, whilst reducing nitrate loads by curtailing agriculture in the headwaters may bring about a 10% reduction, riparian shading would instead reduce levels by 47%. Such modelling studies are somewhat limited by insufficient field data but offer a potentially very valuable tool to assess the most cost-effective methods of tackling effects of eutrophication.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which offers more scope to suppress river phytoplankton blooms: Reducing nutrient pollution or riparian shading?

Hutchins

Johnson

Deflandre-Vlandas

et al. 2010

Science of The Total Environment

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“…There is only one class of microalgae and one class of bacteria. The microalgae growth on dissolved ammonium and nitrate and it is assumed that ammonium is preferred (Reichert et al, 2001). The autotrophic conversion of ammonium by the bacteria is considered as a single step process with the aid of oxygen (Henze et al, 1987).…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Zambrano et al (2016) proposed a dynamic model for the microalgae-bacteria interaction, where the bacteria dynamics is inspired by the Activated Sludge Model no. 1 (ASM1) (Henze et al, 1987) and the microalgae dynamics is inspired by the works from (Reichert et al, 2001) and (Solimeno et al, 2015). Experimental data from batch experiments presented by was used for the model calibration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microalgae Activated Sludge: Process Modelling and Optimization

Zambrano

Nehrenheim

2017

Linköping Electronic Conference Proceedings

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This work deals with steady-state simulation study of a process formed by a microalgae-bacteria photobioreactor (PBR) in an activated sludge configuration. In particular, the process behavior in terms of variations in the sludge retention time and carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) injected is presented. The optimization is done by considering the total PBR volume as two volumes in series, and aiming for the minimal substrate concentration in the effluent, for a given external light and CO 2 injected. Results suggest that it is possible to obtain an optimum volume distribution of the process that gives a lower effluent substrate concentration compared to the same process using a single volume.

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“…Water Quantity Model No.1 (RWQM1) (Reichert, 2001;Reichert et al, 2001a;Reichert et al, 2001b;Reichert et al, 2001c;), autotrophic algal growth was characterized by a Monod model divided into two sub-processes describing growth with ammonia or nitrate as the nitrogen source, and a Steel function to describe light limitation and light inhibition (Reichert et al, 2001b).…”

Section: Algae-based Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(2) Stoichiometric parameter of death of algae was determined by the carbon mass fraction of algal biomass and the conversion of algal biomass to inert particulate organic material or biodegradable particulate organic material (Reichert et al, 2001b).…”

Section: Contribution Of Bacteria To Algal Growth By Carbon Cyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing algal biomass and biofuels recovery from open culture systems

Bai¹

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Growth of algae for the purposes of generating biofuels and/or other bioproducts holds promise due to numerous advantages unique to algae. But there are serious barriers to commercial scale algae cultivation and downstream processing. Two barriers addressed in this thesis are: (i) carbon limitation in open pond algal cultivation, and (ii) difficulties for downstream processing due to the robust nature of algal cells. Hence the overall aims of this thesis were to:  Understand and model the contribution of carbon cycling by heterotrophic bacteria to algal growth, and  Facilitate effective downstream processing by applying a novel free nitrous acid (FNA) pretreatment to disrupt algal cells.To understand the contribution of heterotrophic bacteria to algal growth, carbon cycling driven by bacteria was evaluated in open algal culture systems. Since pH controls the proportion of carbon in the various inorganic pools, two different pHs were trialled. The contribution of bacteria to carbon cycling was determined by quantifying algae growth with and without supplementation of bacteria.It was found that adding heterotrophs to an open algal culture dramatically enhances algae productivity. Increases in algae productivity due to supplementation of bacteria of 4.8 and 3.4 times were observed in two batch tests operating at two different pH values over 7 days. A simplified kinetic model was proposed which described carbon limited algal growth. Simulation of the model highlighted how carbon limitation can be overcome by bacteria re-mineralising photosynthetic end products. The model was extended into a full Algae-Bacteria Model (ABM) to describe carbon, oxygen and nitrogen flows in open algal systems. The integrated model, presented in an easy to use Petersen's matrix format, provides the first description of algal cultivation processes considering the effect of heterotrophic bacteria driven carbon cycling.The second aim of the thesis was addressed through the development and use of a novel pre-treatment technology -FNA pre-treatment -to enhance biofuels production, including (i) enhancing lipids, and specifically triacylglycerides (TAG) recovery for biodiesel production, and (ii) enhancing methane yield during anaerobic digestion of algae.For enhancing lipids, and specifically TAG recovery, laboratory batch tests, with a range of FNA conditions and pre-treatment time, were conducted to disrupt algal cells prior to lipid extraction by ii organic solvents. Total lipid (TL) quantified by the Bligh and Dyer method was found to increase with longer pre-treatment time (48 h) and higher FNA concentration (up to 2.19 mg HNO2-N L -1 ).Lipid extraction kinetic analysis was also conducted by Soxhlet extraction apparatus. Contributions by others to the thesisThis thesis includes contributions made by others, particularly in the chemical analysis of wastewater and reactor samples. These contributions are acknowledged as follows:

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River Water Quality Model no. 1 (RWQM1): II. Biochemical process equations

Cited by 151 publications

References 20 publications

Which offers more scope to suppress river phytoplankton blooms: Reducing nutrient pollution or riparian shading?

Which offers more scope to suppress river phytoplankton blooms: Reducing nutrient pollution or riparian shading?

Microalgae Activated Sludge: Process Modelling and Optimization

Enhancing algal biomass and biofuels recovery from open culture systems

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