River Boundaries and Species Range Size in Amazonian Primates

Ayres, J. M.; Clutton‐Brock, T. H.

doi:10.1086/285427

Cited by 417 publications

(370 citation statements)

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“…Moreover, some meandering rivers such as the Juruá and Purus appear not to have acted as primary barriers for speciation in some terra firme vertebrate taxa [50 -52]. Nevertheless, many Amazonian terrestrial vertebrate groups of the terra firme forest exhibit taxonomic disjunctions across the same rivers that separate reciprocally monophyletic lineages in Psophia, and these interfluvial areas harbour high endemicity [17,18,53]. Recent molecular phylogenies have also revealed multiple examples of disjuncts associated with major rivers [54 -58].…”

Section: Discussion (A) Testing the Refuge Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One is the refuge hypothesis [3], which identifies orbital forcing of climate, and consequent cyclical expansion and contraction of rainforest, as the promoter of isolation and differentiation. A second explanation proposes that tectonically mediated river dynamics [4,5] have been primarily responsible for the isolation of forest biotas. Despite these two general and often-cited hypotheses [6], it is broadly understood that, while multiple causation has been operable [7], rigorous testing of these and other alternatives has been lacking [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A palaeobiogeographic model for biotic diversification within Amazonia over the past three million years

et al. 2011

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Many hypotheses have been proposed to explain high species diversity in Amazonia, but few generalizations have emerged. In part, this has arisen from the scarcity of rigorous tests for mechanisms promoting speciation, and from major uncertainties about palaeogeographic events and their spatial and temporal associations with diversification. Here, we investigate the environmental history of Amazonia using a phylogenetic and biogeographic analysis of trumpeters (Aves: Psophia), which are represented by species in each of the vertebrate areas of endemism. Their relationships reveal an unforeseen 'complete' time-slice of Amazonian diversification over the past 3.0 Myr. We employ this temporally calibrated phylogeny to test competing palaeogeographic hypotheses. Our results are consistent with the establishment of the current Amazonian drainage system at approximately 3.0 -2.0 Ma and predict the temporal pattern of major river formation over Plio-Pleistocene times. We propose a palaeobiogeographic model for the last 3.0 Myr of Amazonian history that has implications for understanding patterns of endemism, the temporal history of Amazonian diversification and mechanisms promoting speciation. The history of Psophia, in combination with new geological evidence, provides the strongest direct evidence supporting a role for river dynamics in Amazonian diversification, and the absence of such a role for glacial climate cycles and refugia.

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Section: Discussion (A) Testing the Refuge Hypothesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A palaeobiogeographic model for biotic diversification within Amazonia over the past three million years

et al. 2011

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“…Marcio Ayres and colleagues formulated a synthesis of the river and refugia hypotheses: the river-refuge model (Ayres & Clutton-Brock 1992). This hypothesis argues that during glaciations Amazonian forests contracted but did not fragment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By identifying current areas of endemism as the major refugia and recognizing the intertwined history of forests and rivers, this hypothesis builds on criticisms of previous models. The distribution of primates and birds has been used as evidence for the river-refuge model (Ayres & Clutton-Brock 1992;Capparella 1991;Martins et al 1988;Wallace et al 1996).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The river-refuge hypothesis and other contributions of Marcio Ayres to conservation science

Dávalos¹,

Pinedo-Vásquez²

2010

Nat Prec

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Abstract:For more than a century, biogeographers have sought to explain the large number of species found in Amazonian forests. The role of rivers as barriers to dispersal was recognized early on and this was the first evolutionary hypothesis to explain Amazonian diversity. Most of the recent debate on speciation in the Amazon has focused on the role of Pleistocene refugia. The methods of refuge biogeography helped shape early conservation priorities in Amazonia, although actual plans did not directly depend on the conceptual strengths or weaknesses of refugia biogeography.These approaches viewed people mostly as threats, though not always explicitly. Based on his work on primate distribution Marcio Ayres formulated a synthetic speciation theory, the riverrefuge hypothesis. The river-refuge model successfully resolved some of the historical and technical challenges of the earlier hypotheses. His work in varzea conservation, informed by this conceptual brealthrough, recognized that the maintenance of processes is at least as important as species numbers in prioritizing action. The work of Marcio Ayres broadened the scope of conservation in Amazonia by moving beyond the model of people-as-threats, and this as great a conceptual contribution to conservation as anyone could make.

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“…It is currently known that large rivers might represent important dispersal restrictions to primates, thus serving as geographical barriers between the communities on opposite margins (but see review in FERRARI 2004). Therefore, rivers might determine the distributions and promote differentiation among primate taxa (AYRES & CLUTTON-BROCK 1992, RYLANDS et al 1996, PATTON et al 2000, SILVA-JÚNIOR 2002, FERRARI 2004, VILANOVA et al 2005 In western State of Paraná (PR) and eastern State of Mato Grosso do Sul (MS), in Brazil, the Upper Paraná River provides a geopolitical frontier, which coincides with the vegetational limits of the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado, and is influenced by the Pantanal wetlands (SOUZA et al 2004, ALHO & GONÇALVES 2005. Despite its ecological importance, systematic surveys of primates and other mammals of the region are scarce, except for a few isolated studies (TIEPOLO et al 2004, AGUIAR et al 2005, 2007a, b, CORTE et al 2007, CULLEN JR et al 2005, GARCIA et al 2005, LUDWIG et al 2007, ROCHA et al 2007.…”

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confidence: 99%

Occurrence, local extinction and conservation of Primates in the corridor of the Upper Paraná River, with notes on other mammals

et al. 2007

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The region of Porto Rico, on the Upper Paraná River, is a contact zone between the Atlantic Rainforest and the Cerrado, with elements of the Pantanal wetlands. During surveys from September 2003 to September to 2005, we recorded the presence of non-volant mammals on 14 islands and the adjacent riverbanks. Surveys were by foot and by boat, and we also interviewed local people about the mammals of the region. Sightings of three primate species - Cebus nigritus (Goldfuss, 1809) (left margin of the river), C. libidinosus Spix, 1823 (right margin) and Alouatta caraya (Humboldt, 1812) (both margins and 12 islands) - were plotted on a satellite image. Alouatta clamitans Cabrera, 1940 was not recorded. However, interviews indicated that this species has occurred in this region in the past. The survey of mammals revealed the occurrence of 32 native species, a native genus with one or more unidentified species, and two introduced species [Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778 and Sus scrofa (Linnaeus, 1758)]. The study discusses the permeability of the Paraná River to dispersal, as well as its potential as a geographical barrier to some species. Hypothesis on the local extinction of A. clamitans is also addressed. This study provides information that can be useful for promoting the conservation of this region.

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River Boundaries and Species Range Size in Amazonian Primates

Cited by 417 publications

References 3 publications

A palaeobiogeographic model for biotic diversification within Amazonia over the past three million years

A palaeobiogeographic model for biotic diversification within Amazonia over the past three million years

The river-refuge hypothesis and other contributions of Marcio Ayres to conservation science

Occurrence, local extinction and conservation of Primates in the corridor of the Upper Paraná River, with notes on other mammals

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