Rituximab (Rituxan)

Selewski, D.T.; Shah, G.V.; Mody, Rajen; Rajdev, P.A.; Mukherji, S.K.

doi:10.3174/ajnr.a2142

Cited by 21 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…In our experiment, the dose of rituximab was extremely low, comparable to 1/25,000 of the dose used to treat human lymphoma (Fig. 5B–C) [29]. Further clinical studies of allogeneic NK cell therapy will attempt to clarify the combinatorial effect of low dose anti-tumor antibody.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

“…The efficacy of expanded human NK cells was further enhanced by co-administration of low-dose rituximab (0.01 µg/mouse), whereas the same dose of rituximab without NK cells did not improve disease outcome. This dose of rituximab is considered to be extremely low and is comparable to 1/25,000 of the regular dose in humans [29]. In summary, expanded NK cells demonstrated in vivo anti-tumor activity in a murine tumor model, and the addition of tumor-specific antibody significantly enhanced their efficacy, presumably by triggering antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

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GMP-Compliant, Large-Scale Expanded Allogeneic Natural Killer Cells Have Potent Cytolytic Activity against Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

Lim

Lee²,

Chung³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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Ex vivo-expanded, allogeneic natural killer (NK) cells can be used for the treatment of various types of cancer. In allogeneic NK cell therapy, NK cells from healthy donors must be expanded in order to obtain a sufficient number of highly purified, activated NK cells. In the present study, we established a simplified and efficient method for the large-scale expansion and activation of NK cells from healthy donors under good manufacturing practice (GMP) conditions. After a single step of magnetic depletion of CD3+ T cells, the depleted peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were stimulated and expanded with irradiated autologous PBMCs in the presence of OKT3 and IL-2 for 14 days, resulting in a highly pure population of CD3−CD16+CD56+ NK cells which is desired for allogeneic purpose. Compared with freshly isolated NK cells, these expanded NK cells showed robust cytokine production and potent cytolytic activity against various cancer cell lines. Of note, expanded NK cells selectively killed cancer cells without demonstrating cytotoxicity against allogeneic non-tumor cells in coculture assays. The anti-tumor activity of expanded human NK cells was examined in SCID mice injected with human lymphoma cells. In this model, expanded NK cells efficiently controlled lymphoma progression. In conclusion, allogeneic NK cells were efficiently expanded in a GMP-compliant facility and demonstrated potent anti-tumor activity both in vitro and in vivo.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 74%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

GMP-Compliant, Large-Scale Expanded Allogeneic Natural Killer Cells Have Potent Cytolytic Activity against Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

Lim

Lee²,

Chung³

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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“…The monoclonal antibody, rituximab, binds to CD20 molecules on the surface of B lymphocytes and induces cell destruction by three mechanisms: complement-dependent cytotoxicity; stimulation of apoptosis and antibody-dependent cytotoxicity. With permission from American Journal of Neuroradiology (Selewski et al 2010). …”

Section: Immunohistochemical Classifiers In Dlbclmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma of the ocular adnexal region, and lymphoma of the lacrimal gland: An investigation of clinical and histopathological features

Rasmussen

2013

Acta Ophthalmologica

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Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) constitute two distinct subtypes of non‐Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) associated with considerable morbidity and mortality.Marked diversities with regard to molecular biology and clinical features are recognized in different subsets of the two lymphomas. Because these differences could be related to the location of the lymphoma, it is of interest to investigate the clinical and histopathological features of DLBCL and MCL involving the ocular adnexal region (i.e. the orbit, eyelids, conjunctiva, lacrimal gland and lacrimal sac). Similarly, the lacrimal gland is the only glandular structure within the orbit. Because the lacrimal gland represents an important part of the immunological system, it is of interest to investigate lymphomas involving this location with regard to clinical and histological characteristics.Purpose: To characterize the clinical and histopathological features of Danish patients with DLBCL of the ocular adnexal region between 1980 and 2009 and of Danish ocular adnexal MCL patients from 1980 to 2005. Furthermore, the aim of this PhD was to review all specimens from patients with lymphoma of the lacrimal gland in Denmark between 1975 and 2009 to determine the distribution of lymphoma subtypes of the lacrimal gland and to describe the clinicopathological features of these patients.Results: A total of 34 patients with DLBCL and 21 with MCL of the ocular adnexal region were identified. Twenty‐seven patients had lacrimal gland lymphoma, including four DLBCLs and three MCLs from studies I and II.Elderly patients predominated in all three groups, with median ages of 78, 75 and 69 years in the DLBCL, the MCL and the lacrimal gland lymphoma groups, respectively. MCL patients had a preponderance of males, whereas females prevailed among lacrimal gland lymphoma patients. The orbit was the most common site of involvement in DLBCL and MCL. Most DLBCL patients had unilateral involvement, while MCL patients had a high frequency of bilateral involvement. Similarly, localized lymphoma was relatively frequently seen in DLBCL patients in contrast to the predominance of disseminated lymphoma in the MCL group.The majority of lacrimal gland lymphomas were low grade, and the distribution of subtypes was as follows: extranodal marginal zone lymphoma, 10 (37%); follicular lymphoma, 5 (19%); DLBCL, 4 (15%); MCL, 3 (11%); chronic lymphocytic leukaemia/small lymphatic lymphoma, 2 (7%); and unclassified B‐cell lymphoma, 3 (11%).The overall survival rates at 3 and 5 years for the entire study group of DLBCL were 42% and 20%, whereas 58% and 22% of MCL patients were alive 3 and 5 years after the time of diagnosis. The 5‐year overall survival rate of lacrimal gland lymphoma patients was 70%.Concordant bone marrow involvement and the International Prognostic Index score were predictive factors for the overall survival in the DLBCL group in Cox regression analysis. Rituximab‐containing chemotherapy was associated with an improved survival rate in MCL patients.Conclusions: Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and MCL involving the ocular adnexal region and lymphoma of the lacrimal gland are prevalent among elderly patients. The overall prognosis in DLBCL and MCL was poor, whereas the prognosis for lacrimal gland lymphoma patients was relatively good. Concordant bone marrow involvement and the International Prognostic Index score were independent predictive factors for mortality in the DLBCL group. Chemotherapy containing rituximab significantly improved survival in the MCL group.

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“…1, three different mechanisms have been proposed for the elimination of B cells by rituximab, including complement-dependent cytotoxicity, antibodydependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity, and stimulation of the apoptotic pathway [16]. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity is most likely to be the dominant mechanism in vivo [17].…”

Section: Mechanism Of Rituximab Actionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rituximab and minimal change nephrotic syndrome: a therapeutic option

Takei

Nitta

2011

Clin Exp Nephrol

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Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) usually responds to steroids but frequently relapses, requiring additional treatment with immunosuppressive agents. Rituximab is a chimeric murine/human monoclonal immunoglobulin G1 antibody that targets CD20, a B-cell differentiation marker. B-cell recovery begins at approximately 6 months following the completion of treatment. Rituximab has a beneficial effect, with the sustained remission or reduction of proteinuria in patients with steroid-dependent MCNS. Relapses are thought to be associated with an increase in CD19 cells. The mean serum half-life of rituximab was reported to be 10-15 days in patients with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. Only infusion reactions, such as rash and chills, occurred after single-dose rituximab infusion and can be managed by pre-medication or infusion rate adjustments. Even though severe adverse effects of rituximab are not expected, physicians must be aware of potentially life-threatening adverse effects. Controlled randomized trials that include adult patients with steroid-dependent or steroid-resistant MCNS are required to prove the efficacy and safety of rituximab and to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of rituximab treatment.

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Rituximab (Rituxan)

Cited by 21 publications

References 14 publications

GMP-Compliant, Large-Scale Expanded Allogeneic Natural Killer Cells Have Potent Cytolytic Activity against Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

GMP-Compliant, Large-Scale Expanded Allogeneic Natural Killer Cells Have Potent Cytolytic Activity against Cancer Cells In Vitro and In Vivo

Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma and mantle cell lymphoma of the ocular adnexal region, and lymphoma of the lacrimal gland: An investigation of clinical and histopathological features

Rituximab and minimal change nephrotic syndrome: a therapeutic option

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