Rituximab for the Treatment of Pediatric Double-Positive Small-Vessel Vasculitis

Double-positive Anti-glomerular Basement Membrane Disease in a Child with Crescentic Glomerulonephritis: A Case Report and Review of Literature

“…These findings were suggestive of a late-stage renal disease. Studies have reported improved renal functions after treatment in double-positive patients, however, poor renal prognosis is also reported in recent reports with 35%-100% presence of crescents, and higher creatinine levels (up to 8.1 mg/dL) [9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. Similarly, our patient remained hemodialysis dependent even after treatment and there were no marked improvements seen in the renal functions.…”

Pediatric double positive anti‐glomerular basement membrane antibody and anti‐neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody glomerulonephritis—A case report with review of literature

“…Anti‐GBM autoantibodies react with similar basement membrane antigens on both the renal and alveolar vasculature, resulting in the classic symptoms of hematuria, hemoptysis, or both 2,12 . Human leukocyte antigen‐DRB1*15:01, found to be positive in our patient during renal transplant work‐up, is associated with disease development, as are smoking and upper respiratory tract infections for the development of pulmonary symptoms in adults 2,6 . Pulmonary hemorrhage is more common in adults, and children can develop isolated renal disease as seen in this case 5 .…”

“…Double seropositive disease is rare in the pediatric population with only seven double seropositive pediatric case reports in the literature (Table 1). 6 Here, we report the case of a 2‐year‐old girl with anti‐GBM disease and concurrent MPO‐ANCA expression, the youngest case of double seropositive anti‐GBM disease in the current literature, with a brief review of the role of therapeutic plasmapheresis (TPE) and rituximab in treatment of this disease.…”