Ritonavir binds to and downregulates estrogen receptors: Molecular mechanism of promoting early atherosclerosis

Xiang, Jin; Wang, Ying; Su, Ke; Liu, Min; Hu, Pengchao; Ma, Tian; Li, Jiaxi; Wei, Lei; Zheng, Zhaohui; Yang, Fang

doi:10.1016/j.yexcr.2014.07.002

Cited by 10 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…First, sex-based differences in immune activation have been described with a stronger interferon alpha response in women [ 27 ] possibly contributing to metabolic disorders. Second, HIV infection and antiretroviral treatments may interact with the estrogen/testosterone balance promoting androgen exposure, resulting in an increase of visceral abdominal fat and lipid concentrations [ 21 , 28 , 29 ], with more visible effects in women. Finally, differences in dietary and lifestyle habits such as alcohol consumption, physical activity and psychological status [ 21 ], might also explain an effect of gender on the associations between HIV and metabolic abnormalities.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic risk factors in young adults infected with HIV since childhood compared with the general population

et al. 2018

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AimMetabolic risk factors are poorly documented for the first generation of young adults who have lived with HIV since childhood. We compared their metabolic profile with that of adults of same age from the general population.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional analysis of data from two populations: (1) COVERTE (ANRS-CO19), a French national cohort of 18 to 30-year-old patients HIV-infected since childhood, and (2) ENNS, a national cross-sectional population-based household survey on nutrition. Body mass index (BMI), blood pressure, waist circumference, fasting glucose, triglycerides, and HDL-, LDL- and total cholesterol were measured in both studies. Direct standardization on overweight and education level and logistic regression were used to compare the prevalence of metabolic abnormalities between the two populations.ResultsData from 268 patients from COVERTE and 245 subjects from ENNS were analyzed. Tobacco use was similar in both groups. HIV-infected patients had increased mean waist-to-hip ratio and triglycerides to HDL-cholesterol ratio and decreased mean HDL-cholesterol as compared to their counterparts from the general population in both genders. In HIV-infected patients, metabolic syndrome was identified in 13.2% of men (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.1–19.2) and 10.4% (95% CI: 5.4–15.3) of women versus 10.6% (95%CI: 1.5–19.7) and 1.7% (95%CI: 0–4.1) in subjects from the general population, respectively.ConclusionYoung adults infected with HIV since childhood had a higher prevalence of dyslipidemia and metabolically detrimental fat distribution than adults of same age of the general population, supporting close monitoring for cardiometabolic diseases.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic risk factors in young adults infected with HIV since childhood compared with the general population

et al. 2018

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“…CircRNAs have been reported to play important roles in various diseases, such as atherosclerosis 77 , nervous system disorders 78 , diabetes 79 , and cancer 80 , 81 . The unique features and diverse functions of circRNAs make them promising candidates with clinical potentials in life sciences and medicine.…”

Section: Circrnas In Diagnosis and Prognosis Of Human Cancersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Circular RNAs: Regulators of Cancer-Related Signaling Pathways and Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Human Cancers

et al. 2017

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Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are newly discovered endogenous non-coding RNAs featuring structural stability, high abundance, and tissue-specific expression. CircRNAs are prevalent and conserved in mammalian cells. They are involved in cellular processes and regulate gene expression at the transcriptional or post-transcriptional level by interacting with microRNAs (miRNAs) and other molecules. Recent studies have shown that circRNAs play an important role in the progression of various human diseases including atherosclerosis, nervous system disorders, diabetes, and cancer. In this review, we summarize the advances on endogenous circRNAs in eukaryotic cells and elucidate their diagnostic and prognostic significance in human cancers. Especially, we highlight the involvement of circRNAs in signal transduction pathways as well as their clinical potential to serve as biomarkers.

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“…This statement is based upon the fact that interactions between pharmacokinetic boosters and exogenous estrogens exist [124] such that regimens requiring ritonavir or cobicistat may be sub-optimal. In vitro evidence suggests that ritonavir may also antagonize 17-β estradiol [125] , the currently preferred form of estrogen supplementation for FHT. Similarly, due to increased CVD risk in HIV and with estrogens (see above), abacavir-containing regimens may be suboptimal.…”

Section: Optimization Of Artmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing HIV prevention and care for transgender adults

Lake

Clark

2019

Aids

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Ritonavir binds to and downregulates estrogen receptors: Molecular mechanism of promoting early atherosclerosis

Cited by 10 publications

References 41 publications

Metabolic risk factors in young adults infected with HIV since childhood compared with the general population

Metabolic risk factors in young adults infected with HIV since childhood compared with the general population

Circular RNAs: Regulators of Cancer-Related Signaling Pathways and Potential Diagnostic Biomarkers for Human Cancers

Optimizing HIV prevention and care for transgender adults

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