Risperidone long‐acting injection and 1‐year rehospitalization rate of schizophrenia patients: A retrospective cohort study

Abstract

Aims:We wanted to present a picture of patients with schizophrenia receiving risperidone long-acting injection (RLAI) treatment in a real-world setting.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study; 379 patients with schizophrenia were enrolled and treated with different kinds of antipsychotic agents at E-Da Hospital, and received a 12-month follow up. The patients were distributed into three groups: the all-oral antipsychotic, oral risperidone and RLAI groups. The antipsychotic agents and dosages they used were recorded. The rate of rehospitalization, length of hospital stay, emergency room visits and medical expenditures were assessed. Results:The RLAI group had a significantly higher rate of hospitalization before enrolment (the all-oral antipsychotic group was 32.1%, the oral risperidone group, 35.9%, and the RLAI group, 88.4%, P < 0.0001). After a 1-year follow up, all three groups were similar in rehospitalization rates (the all-oral antipsychotic group was 28.9%, the oral risperidone group, 30.1%, and the RLAI group, 30.2%, P > 0.999), length of hospital stay and number of emergency room visits during follow up. The most commonly used oral antipsychotics were risperidone (0.5-7 mg/day), quetiapine (65-1200 mg/day), and olanzapine (2-25 mg/day). Conclusions:Using RLAI reduces the severity of disease in more difficult patients.

Second-Generation Antipsychotics’ Effectiveness and Tolerability: A Review of Real-World Studies in Patients with Schizophrenia and Related Disorders

“…Finally, only the study by [ 69 ] presented results on the effectiveness of LAI risperidone in a retrospective cohort study vs. all-oral SGAs and FGAs and vs. oral risperidone [ 69 ]. All the studies, including patients treated with PP1M, reported significant improvements in subjective well-being and global satisfaction, and improved personal and social performance [ 59 , 65 , 67 , 68 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 74 , 75 , 76 , 78 , 79 , 82 ].…”

Association of Long-Acting Injectable Antipsychotics and Oral Antipsychotics With Disease Relapse, Health Care Use, and Adverse Events Among People With Schizophrenia

“…We adopted a within-individual comparison because people with schizophrenia often switched antipsychotic medications, and traditional cohort studies using between-individual comparison could not overcome this misclassification bias. 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 21 Selection bias is another problem in between-individual comparison because substantial differences exist in the inherent characteristics (eg, adherence) of patients prescribed LAIAs and patients prescribed OAs. 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 21 Within-individual comparisons could overcome this problem and only time-varying confounders need to be adjusted.…”

“… 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 21 Selection bias is another problem in between-individual comparison because substantial differences exist in the inherent characteristics (eg, adherence) of patients prescribed LAIAs and patients prescribed OAs. 12 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 21 Within-individual comparisons could overcome this problem and only time-varying confounders need to be adjusted. Although 1 Korean study 18 has applied a within-individual comparison, no adjustments for the time-varying confounders were made, and misclassification bias also existed because people receiving combined LAIA and OA therapy were categorized as exposed to LAIAs and compared with OA monotherapy.…”

“…In addition, most published studies of LAIAs are based on Western populations, 8 , 10 , 11 and cannot be generalized to Asian populations, for whom medication preferences, attitudes, and the potential to experience adverse effects of antipsychotics might differ. The few published observational studies of LAIAs from Asia were either from a single medical center with an unrepresentative sample 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 or used an insurance claims database in which confounders could not be well adjusted for. 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 In addition, few studies reported data on outcomes other than hospitalizations.…”

Comparison of the G and V methods for ventrogluteal site identification: Muscle and subcutaneous fat thicknesses and considerations for successful intramuscular injection

“…Intramuscular depot injections of long-acting antipsychotic medications are commonly administered to patients with schizophrenia (Berwaerts et al 2015;Chan et al 2015;Manchanda et al 2013;Rossi et al 2012;Schooler 2003). Because most long-acting injectable antipsychotic medications are oily suspensions of large volume, they are commonly prescribed for gluteal intramuscular injection (Gillespie & Toner 2013).…”