Risky substance use among young adults in the nightlife arena: An underused setting for risk-reducing interventions?

Nordfjærn, Trond; Bretteville-Jensen, Anne Line; Edland-Gryt, Marit; Gripenberg, Johanna

doi:10.1177/1403494816665775

Cited by 32 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…Nevertheless, significantly more men than women had a BAC level ≥ 0.10%, similar to the previous study of visitors at a Swedish EDM event [33]. In contrast, neither the study in Norwegian clubs [34] nor the study in clubs in San Francisco found any effect of gender on BAC levels.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Significantly more men than women had a BAC ≥0.10% [33]. Nevertheless, most studies have measured BAC levels in other nightlife settings, such as pub, bars and nightclubs and were conducted in several European and American cities [34–37]. Two of these studies reported that between 88 and 94% had detectable BAC levels with an average of approximately 0.10% [34, 35].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High levels of alcohol intoxication and strong support for restrictive alcohol policies among music festival visitors

Feltmann

Elgán

Gripenberg

2019

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

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Background Alcohol intoxication is associated with problems such as violence, injuries, drunk driving and sexual risk-taking, and music festivals are considered a high-risk setting for high levels of alcohol consumption. This study investigates intoxication levels, drinking habits, and opinions on alcohol use and alcohol policies among visitors at one of the largest music festivals in Sweden in 2017. Methods A cross-sectional study assessing alcohol intoxication levels was conducted at a music festival (~ 50,000 attendees). Two research teams collected data at the two festival entrances during two nights, from approximately 6:00 pm to 01:30 am. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) levels were measured using breath analyzers. A face-to-face questionnaire was used to interview attendees about their alcohol use in the past 12 months using the Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test-Consumption (AUDIT-C), as well as about their personal opinions on alcohol use and alcohol policies (statement). BAC levels were compared between categories of various factors using Mann-Whitney U test and Kruskal-Wallis test. The distributions of BAC, AUDIT-C and statement category across gender was analyzed using Pearson’s Chi-square tests. Associations of BAC levels with different factors were analyzed using Spearman rank correlation and multinomial logistic regression. Results A total of 1663 attendees were randomly selected and invited to participate, and 1410 consented (63.7% men, 34.9% women, age 16–64 years). The proportion of drinkers was 81%. Among the drinkers, the median BAC level was 0.082%. Thirty-one percent of the participants had a BAC level above 0.10%. Forty-two percent of the participants reported binge drinking monthly, and 20% said that they binge drank weekly. Sixty-three percent of participants reported risky drinking habits. A self-reported risky alcohol habit increased the risk of a high alcohol intoxication level at the festival. Respondents were supportive of restrictive alcohol policies. Men had significantly higher BAC levels, reported more often risky alcohol habits and were less supportive of restrictive alcohol policies than women. Conclusions The results indicate that participants at music festivals in Sweden have high levels of alcohol intoxication and largely support restrictive alcohol policies. Thus, there is both a need and support for the implementation of alcohol prevention strategies at festivals.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High levels of alcohol intoxication and strong support for restrictive alcohol policies among music festival visitors

Feltmann

Elgán

Gripenberg

2019

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy

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“…Currently, new factors of risky behaviors may be more pervasive, such as the use of newly emerging synthetic drugs (synthetic cathinone, synthetic cannabinoids, ecstasy, ketamine, or methamphetamine) [20,21], or virtual interactive activities (e.g., online sexting [22] or online sexual harassment [23]). These emerging issues may lead to risky behaviors, such as higher probability of unsafe sex, mental health conditions, and drug dependence [22,[24][25][26]. The emergence of these problems may lead to the change of sexual behavioral patterns, especially among youths and adolescents [27,28].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Patterns of Risky Sexual Behaviors and Associated Factors among Youths and Adolescents in Vietnam

Ngoc¹,

Nguyen

Nguyen³

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Youths and adolescents are vulnerable to HIV/STIs from unprotected sex. Promotion of young population’s awareness about risky sexual behaviors is essential to develop contextualized interventions. A cross-sectional study was conducted in five Vietnamese provinces to document current attitudes and practices regarding sexual behaviors among youths. The information on sociodemographic characteristics, substance use, and sexual behaviors was collected via self-reported questionnaires. The factors associated with risky sexual behaviors were identified by the multivariate logistic regression. Among the 1200 participants, 73.5% reported having sex in their lifetime, and 48.1% used condoms at their latest sexual intercourse. Participants in urban areas were more likely not to intend to use condoms and had a higher unintended pregnancy rate than in rural areas. Older age was positively associated with not wanting to use and not using condoms. Substance-using participants were more likely to not use condoms. The participants taking alcohol or other stimulants before sex had a higher likelihood of unintended pregnancy. Respondents’ attitudes and practices regarding sexual behaviors were associated with gender and employment. This study indicated that young population’s awareness in Vietnam is high, however, risky sexual behaviors also remain common. Sex-related educational programs about the consequences of substance use, multiple sex partners, and unprotected sex should be developed.

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“…Recent studies indicate that illicit drug use is highly prevalent amongst nightclub and festival attendees (Hughes, Moxham-Hall, Ritter, Weatherburn, & MacCoun, 2017; Miller, Byrnes, Branner, Voas, & Johnson, 2013; Miller et al, 2015; Nordfjaern, Bretteville-Jensen, Edland-Gryt, & Gripenberg, 2016; Palamar, Barratt, Ferris, & Winstock, 2016; Palamar, Griffin-Tomas, & Ompad, 2015; Palamar, Salomone, Vincenti, & Cleland, 2016). A recent national survey of Australian dance festival-attending adults found that 78.1% of recent users reported using an illicit drug at their last-attended festival, and of users, 85.1% reported use of ecstasy (Hughes et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hair testing to assess both known and unknown use of drugs amongst ecstasy users in the electronic dance music scene

Palamar

Salomone²,

Gerace³

et al. 2017

International Journal of Drug Policy

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Background Data on both known and unknown drug use in the electronic dance music (EDM) scene is important to inform prevention and harm reduction. While surveys are the most common method of querying drug use, additional biological data can help validate use and detect unknown/unintentional use of drugs such as new psychoactive substances (NPS). We sought to determine the extent of both known and unknown use of various substances in this high-risk scene. Methods We hair-tested 90 self-reported past-year ecstasy/MDMA/Molly users attending EDM parties in New York City during the summer of 2016 using UHPLC-MS/MS. Results were compared to self-reported past-year use. Results Three quarters (74.4%) tested positive for MDMA, a third (33.3%) tested positive for an NPS, and 27.8% tested positive specifically for one or more synthetic cathinones (e.g., butylone, ethylone, pentylone, methylone, alpha-PVP). Half (51.1%) of participants tested positive for a drug not self-reported, with most testing positive for synthetic cathinones (72.0%), methamphetamine (69.0%), other NPS stimulants (e.g., 4-FA, 5/6-APB; 66.7%), or new dissociatives (e.g., methoxetamine, diphenidine; 60.0%). Attending parties every other week or more often, reporting higher-frequency ecstasy pill use, having tested one's ecstasy, and having found out one's ecstasy was adulterated, were risk factors for testing positive for synthetic cathinones and NPS in general. Conclusion Hair testing appears to be a valuable addition to drug epidemiology studies. Many EDM party attendees—even those who test their ecstasy—are unknowingly using NPS and/orother drugs. Prevention information and harm reduction may help reduce unknown/unintentional use.

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Risky substance use among young adults in the nightlife arena: An underused setting for risk-reducing interventions?

Cited by 32 publications

References 25 publications

High levels of alcohol intoxication and strong support for restrictive alcohol policies among music festival visitors

High levels of alcohol intoxication and strong support for restrictive alcohol policies among music festival visitors

Patterns of Risky Sexual Behaviors and Associated Factors among Youths and Adolescents in Vietnam

Hair testing to assess both known and unknown use of drugs amongst ecstasy users in the electronic dance music scene

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