Risks of modern biotechnologies and legal aspects of their implementation in agriculture

Нежметдинова, Фарида; Гурылева, М. Э.; Sharypova, N. Kh.; Зинурова, Р. И.; Tuzikov, Andrey Rimovich

doi:10.1051/bioconf/20201700227

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…At the same time, important documents have already been adopted. They determine the relevance of this area of work, taking into account global challenges [18,19,20]. A unified global economic, legal and information system is being purposefully formed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation factors of innovation activity as an important condition for the effective development of agriculture

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The paper is devoted to the study of urgent problems of innovation activity stimulation on the example of agricultural universities as an important condition for the improvement of the efficiency of the agro-industrial complex and the development of the agricultural industry in general. The ambitious tasks for a significant increase in labor productivity in the agricultural sector, as well as the creation of high-tech jobs are impossible without proper staffing and scientific support. The effective import substitution and maintaining food independence is impossible without the introduction of new technologies, a significant increase in labor productivity in agriculture and the increase in the attractiveness of rural life. These challenges and priorities set the agenda for the formation of requirements for the system of agricultural education and new competencies of youth and teachers. In this regard, the problem of innovative activity of agricultural universities is being updated not only as a source of highly qualified personnel for agriculture, but also as centers for the development of innovations in this area. In paper, it is shown that systemic problems in the field of education are organically linked with the transformations of university science in the second half of the 20th century, when the basic principles and approaches to the organization of scientific research in universities were laid down. It is pointed out that despite numerous attempts to intensify science in agricultural universities, there are a number of constraining factors that affect their potential in the development of innovations in the agricultural sector.

show abstract

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stimulation factors of innovation activity as an important condition for the effective development of agriculture

et al. 2022

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Unfortunately, despite the fact that the current rules of rural mortgages stipulate the necessity of residence registration in the purchased housing, there are often acts of fraud committed by citizens. [7,8].…”

Section: The Main Partmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socialization of rural youth issues in the development of agricultural industry and society

Gataullina,

Tuktarova,

Nezhmetdinova

et al. 2024

BIO Web Conf.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Socialization of rural youth is a key factor in the development of Agricultural industry and society. In the modern world, where urbanization and technological progress are rapidly changing the shape of lives, it is necessary to pay special attention to the social processes taking place in rural areas. The presented research evaluates the role of youth in the development of rural communities and the relevant analysis allowed us to determine that young people, who are the future of the nation, have a significant in the formation and development of rural communities. With the active use of the Internet and social networks, online platforms have a significant impact on the socialization process. They facilitate overcoming geographical barriers and create conditions for the formation of communities with common interests. Within the analysis stage of the research the authors have identified the positive aspect of using social networks in the socialization of rural youth as broadening their horizons and access to new knowledge. Young people have the opportunity to learn about different development areas, professions or training programs that were previously inaccessible to them. The opportunities for rural youth to share experiences and successes contribute to the self-esteem and encourage their personal growth. The authors, on the other hand, highlight the negative aspects of using social networks in the process of socialization of rural youth: dependence on the virtual world and disconnection from real life; the presence of uncontrolled information or content that can lead to the formation of wrong value orientations of youth. The authors of the study have concluded that it is essential to create conditions for the development of critical thinking among rural youth and suggest ways to solve the problems involved in the socialization of rural youth.

show abstract

“…Advances in biology and related fields especially related to genetic manipulation of organisms (genetically modified organism; GMO) have initiated modern biotechnology. While agricultural biotechnology of genetically modified plants is viewed critically and there is controversy in regards to food safety, environmental risks, labeling and consumer rights (McCullum et al, 2003) as well as patentability, social and ethical risks (Nezhmetdinova et al, 2020), which is more pronounced in Europe and coupled to a stricter regulation (Falk et al, 2002;McCullum et al, 2003), there is less controversy expected for industrial biotechnology by use of GMO (discussed by Paula and Birrer, 2006).…”

Section: Biotechnology and Metabolic Engineeringmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for production of medium-chain fatty acids and their derivatives

Wernig¹

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The oleochemical and petrochemical industries provide diverse chemicals used in personal care products, food and pharmaceutical industries or as fuels, oils, polymers and others. However, fossil resources are dwindling and concerns about these conventional production methods have risen due to their strong negative impact on the environment and contribution to climate change. Therefore, alternative, sustainable and environmentally friendly production methods for oleochemical compounds such as fatty acids, fatty alcohols, hydroxy fatty acids and dicarboxylic acids are desired. The biotechnological production by engineered microorganism could fulfill these requirements. The concept of metabolic engineering, which is the modification of metabolic pathways of a host organism for increased production of a target compound, is a widely used strategy in biotechnology to generate cell factories or chassis strains for robust, efficient and high production. In this work, the versatile model and industrial yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was manipulated by metabolic engineering strategies for increased production of the medium-chain fatty acid octanoic acid and de novo production the derived 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid. Octanoic acid production was enabled by the fatty acid biosynthesis pathway by use of a mutated fatty acid synthase (FASRK) in a wild type FAS deficient strain. The yeast fatty acid synthase (FAS) consists of two polypeptides, α and β, which assemble to a α6β6 complex in a co-translational manner by interaction of the subunits. Because this step might be subject to cellular regulation, the α- and β- subunits of fatty acid synthase were fused to form a single-chain construct (fusFASRK), which displayed superior octanoic acid production compared with split FASRK. Thus, FASRK expression was identified as a limiting step of octanoic acid production. But the strains that produce octanoic acid have a severe growth defect that is undesirable for biotechnological applications and could lead to lower production titers. One reason is the strong inhibitory effect of octanoic acid. Another possibility is that the mutant FAS no longer produces enough essential long-chain fatty acids. To compensate for this, the mutated split and fused FAS variants were co-expressed individually in a strain harboring genomic wild type FAS alleles. In addition, mutant and wild type variants of fused and split FAS were co-expressed together in a FAS deficient strain. However, both cases resulted in decreased octanoic acid titers potentially by physical and/or metabolic crosstalk of the FAS variants. The fatty acid biosynthesis relies on cytosolic acetyl-CoA for initiation and derived malonyl-CoA for elongation and requires NADPH for reductive power. To increase production of octanoic acid, engineering strategies for increased acetyl-CoA and NADHP supply were investigated. First, the flux through the native cytosolic acetyl-CoA and NADPH providing pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass was enhanced by overexpression of the target genes ADH2, ALD6 and ACSL461P from Salmonella enterica in combination or individually. Next, the acety-CoA forming heterologous phosphoketolase/phosphotransacetylase pathway was expressed and NADPH formation was increased by redirecting the flux of glucose-6-phosphate into the NADPH producing oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway. In particular, the flux through glycolysis and pyruvate dehydrogenase bypass was reduced by downregulating the expression of the phosphoglucose isomerase PGI1 and deleting the acetaldehyde dehydrogenase ALD6. Glucose-6-phosphate was guided into the pentose phosphate pathway by overexpressing the glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase ZWF1. The first approach did not influence octanoic acid production but the latter increased yields in the glucose consumption phase by 65 %. However, combining the superior fusFASRK with acetyl-CoA and NADPH supply engineering strategies did not result in additive production effects, indicating that other limitations hinder high octanoic acid accumulation. Limitations could be caused in particular by the strong inhibitory effects of octanoic acid or by intrinsic limitations of the FASRK mutant. To enlarge the octanoic acid production platform towards other derived valuable oleochemical compounds the de novo production of 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid was targeted. Since short- and medium-chain fatty acids have a strong inhibitory effect on Saccharomyces cerevisiae, the inhibitory effect of hydroxy fatty acid and dicarboxylic with eight or ten carbon atoms were compared and revealed only little or no growth impairment. Subsequently, the formation of 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid was targeted by a terminal hydroxylation of externally supplied octanoic acid in a bioconversion. For that, three heterologous genes, encoding for cytochromes P450 enzymes and their cognate cytochrome P450 reductases were expressed and 8-hydroxyoctanoic acid production was compared. In addition, the use of different carbon sources was compared. ...

show abstract

Risks of modern biotechnologies and legal aspects of their implementation in agriculture

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Stimulation factors of innovation activity as an important condition for the effective development of agriculture

Stimulation factors of innovation activity as an important condition for the effective development of agriculture

Socialization of rural youth issues in the development of agricultural industry and society

Metabolic engineering of Saccharomyces cerevisiae for production of medium-chain fatty acids and their derivatives

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About