Risks and Benefits of Judo Training for Middle-Aged and Older People: A Systematic Review

Palumbo, Federico; Ciaccioni, Simone; Guidotti, Flavia; Forte, Roberta; Sacripanti, Attilio; Capranica, Laura; Tessitore, Antonio

doi:10.3390/sports11030068

Cited by 13 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…However, it is important to remember that the relationship between training with hand-to-hand combat elements and mental health is complex and multifaceted, covering a very broad spectrum of impacts. Many elements still need to be elaborated and understood, including in such a seemingly obvious matter as definitions ( 38 ) or cognitive factors including socio-cultural and environmental aspects ( 39 , 40 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Satisfying media needs and the desire to make the performances more appealing means that high-risk situations are increasingly being introduced. Individual scenes and even scenarios have been linked to the personalities of individual wrestlers, making violence central to both competitive and show outcomes ( 39 , 40 ). This has the effect of putting the athletes involved in these shows at risk of losing their health, even in the form of concussion.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hand-to-hand combat in the 21st century—INNOAGON warrior or modern gladiator?—a prospective study

Kruszewski,

Cherkashin,

Kruszewski

et al. 2024

Front. Sports Act. Living

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IntroductionIn being an important lifestyle factor, the physical activity influences people's health status, including life expectancy. Specific forms of physical activity are exercises related to hand-to-hand combat in the broadest sense, often overlapping and containing similar elements associated with combat sports (for Western culture) and martial arts (for Far Eastern culture). There are many types of forms of practising hand-to-hand combat exercises, which can be seen as opposing or in some ways complementary, e.g.: “traditional”—e.g., karate or kung fu, practised for hundreds or even thousands of years, usually adhering to moral codes of conduct, and drawing ideas from philosophy, religion vs. “modern”—e.g., American pro wrestling or mixed martial arts—MMA, suggesting a combination of various traditional forms of martial arts. In terms of shaping a healthy lifestyle with mental health elements based on the implementation of hand-to-hand combat exercises, an analysis of these fundamental insights into physical activity is warranted. This study aims to investigate the development direction of the hand-to-hand exercises in Western culture, opposing the “traditional” and “modern” forms.DiscussionIn this study, INNOAGON theory responds to the overuse of the term “science of martial arts”. It is currently being used to promote extreme aggression and violence as an acceptable means of achieving success, and this model is expressively permeating other spheres of social interaction. In INNOAGON's understanding, hand-to-hand combat should be associated with the ancient thought of “doing good” (ancient Greece) or “wisdom” (Far Eastern cultures) including aesthetic and philosophical aspects. This links to numerous psychosocial benefits, self-esteem, discipline, body-mind coordination including breath control and relaxation, respect for others. The modern form of hand-to-hand combat, framed in these discussions as MMA or American pro wrestling, historically refers to the gladiatorial fights held during the Roman Games. The holding of fights in so-called “cages” refers to the arena in which Roman slave fights were held, and the athletes performing there are often referred to as modern-day “gladiators”.ConclusionProper education, including education in the area of physical culture, leading to the development of a society turned towards values broader than just fun or self-satisfaction should be the basis for the development of the next generations. It actually remains to decide which path of social change we will choose: in the case of INNOAGON a positive one, and in the case of modern gladiator a destructive one. Only a proper education combined with a broad programme of social role modelling, social facilitation—the foundations of which are laid by INNOAGON—including promotion on the Internet and social media can provide the right counterbalance to the pathology increasingly penetrating our lives, leading to the promotion of aggression and threats to physical and mental health.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hand-to-hand combat in the 21st century—INNOAGON warrior or modern gladiator?—a prospective study

Kruszewski,

Cherkashin,

Kruszewski

et al. 2024

Front. Sports Act. Living

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“…Furthermore, judo practice could provide a supportive and inclusive environment for older practitioners, combating social isolation and promoting healthy aging ( 40 – 42 ). Whilst safe and sustainable sports programs should be based on unique requirements, capacities and abilities of sports professionals ( 40 , 41 , 47 , 48 ), generally coaching certifications do not include information on the specific needs of older novice and expert practitioners ( 3 , 49 ). Despite the growing research on judo training for older adults ( 7 , 37 , 40 , 41 ), there is a paucity of studies focusing on the education of coaches in facilitating safe and effective training environments for this special population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Whilst safe and sustainable sports programs should be based on unique requirements, capacities and abilities of sports professionals ( 40 , 41 , 47 , 48 ), generally coaching certifications do not include information on the specific needs of older novice and expert practitioners ( 3 , 49 ). Despite the growing research on judo training for older adults ( 7 , 37 , 40 , 41 ), there is a paucity of studies focusing on the education of coaches in facilitating safe and effective training environments for this special population. To support coaches in effectively plan and conduct healthy judo training programs for older adults, in 2020 the European Commission has co-financed the “EDucating Judo Coaches for Older practitioners (EdJCO)” Project (622155-EPP-1-2020-1-IT-SPO-SCP) under the Erasmus + Sport Programme ( 3 , 50 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thanks to a consortium of outstanding sports organizations (i.e., judo clubs from Croatia, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, and Türkiye) and educational institutions (i.e., University of Rome Foro Italico, Italy and International Judo Federation Academy—IJF—Foundation, Malta), the EdJCO project generated evidence- and eminence-based knowledge to develop a sound educational program for coaches aiming to train older judo practitioners ( 21 , 51 ). Following a systematic literature review on the benefits and risks of judo training ( 40 , 41 ) and the collection of experts' opinions regarding the most relevant knowledge on aging-related aspects coaches should possess ( 9 , 13 , 41 ), it is important to collect the opinion of potential end-users on their perceived knowledge and need of education in relation to different (e.g., bio-medical, psycho-physiological, and technical-organizational) dimensions of judo for older practitioners ( 52 , 53 ). To engage a large number of international judo coaches in providing their valuable insights and perspectives, an online survey was deemed appropriate ( 51 , 53 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Judo for older adults: the coaches' knowledge and needs of education

Ciaccioni,

Guidotti,

Palumbo

et al. 2024

Front. Sports Act. Living

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This study aimed to explore the views of judo coaches on their perceived knowledge (PK) and needs for education (NE) for training older practitioners. In total, 470 international (Europe = 48%, Americas = 22%, Africa = 23%, Asia = 5% and Oceania = 2%) judo coaches (IJF: level 1 = 55,3%, level 2 = 33%; judo black belt: 3,4 ± 1,7 dan; F = 15%; university education: 68% >BA) responded an online survey encompassing demographic information and 35 items relevant to training older adults (Aging process; Safety and First Aid; Organization & Environment; Physiology and Fitness; Psychology & Mental Health; Teaching & Training) to be rated on a 7-point Likert scale for PK and NE. Non parametric statistics (p > 0.05) was applied to ascertain differences and relationships between PK and NE, respectively. A bivariate go-zone plot was used to highlight items with the lowest PK and the highest NE mean values. The coaches reported high PK (4.5 ± 0.3 pt) and NE (4.7 ± 0.1 pt) values, with significant higher PK values emerging for high education levels and judo experience. In considering their unique needs and special role, the judo coaches presented valuable insights to develop a sustainable educational curriculum tailored to train older judo practitioners.

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