RisKit: The participatory development and observational evaluation of a multi-component programme for adolescent risk behaviour reduction

Stevens, Alex; Coulton, Simon; O’Brien, Kate; Butler, Steve; Gladstone, Ben; Tonkin, Jo

doi:10.3109/09687637.2013.787526

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…There has been little attention paid to developing bespoke drug-specific interventions which target young people in contact with the criminal justice system and who are engaged in or 'at risk' of problematic substance use. A key exception is the RisKit intervention (Stevens et al, 2014) which has been adapted for adolescents aged 13-17 in the criminal justice system (RisKit-CJS) and is currently being evaluated (see Coulton et al, 2017).…”

Section: Prevention and Intervention Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framing ‘drug prevention’ for young people in contact with the criminal justice system in England: views from practitioners in the field

Duke

Thom

Gleeson

2019

Journal of Youth Studies

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Section: Prevention and Intervention Approachesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Framing ‘drug prevention’ for young people in contact with the criminal justice system in England: views from practitioners in the field

Duke

Thom

Gleeson

2019

Journal of Youth Studies

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“…The development of the RISKIT intervention [ 17 ], and subsequently RISKIT-CJS, was based on two streams of work; a thorough review of the research evidence and a participative consultation with young people. The theoretical perspective was informed by the Social Development Model (SDM) [ 18 – 20 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…An initial feasibility study was undertaken followed by a larger pilot study [ 17 ] in adolescents identified as engaging in excessive risk-taking behaviour. Consent rates in the eligible population were high, 80%, with almost all attending at least part of the intervention and 74% attending all of the intervention sessions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pragmatic randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a multi-component intervention to reduce substance use and risk-taking behaviour in adolescents involved in the criminal justice system: A trial protocol (RISKIT-CJS)

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAdolescence is a critical developmental stage when young people make lifestyle choices that have the potential to impact on their current and future health and social wellbeing. The relationship between substance use and criminal activity is complex but there is clear evidence that the prevalence of problematic substance use is far higher among adolescent offenders than the general adolescent population. Adolescent offenders are a marginalized and vulnerable population who are significantly more likely to experience health and social inequalities in later life than their non-offending peers.There is a paucity of evidence on effective interventions to address substance use and risk-taking behaviours in adolescent offender populations but it is clear that preventative or abstinence orientated interventions are not effective. RISKIT-CJS is an intervention developed in collaboration with young people taking account of the current best evidence. Feasibility and pilot studies have found the intervention addresses the needs of adolescents, is acceptable and has demonstrated potential in reducing substance use and risk-taking behavior.MethodsThe study is a mixed method, two-armed, prospective, pragmatic randomized controlled trial with individual randomisation to either treatment as usual alone or the RISKIT-CJS intervention in addition to treatment as usual. Adolescents, aged 13 to 17 years inclusive, engaged with the criminal justice system who are identified as having problematic substance use are eligible to participate. The study will be conducted across three geographical areas; South and South East England, London and North East England between March 2017 and February 2019.DiscussionThe study represents an ambitious programme of work to address an area of need for a marginalized and vulnerable population.Trial registration ISRCTN77037777 registered 15/09/2016.

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A multicomponent psychosocial intervention to reduce substance use by adolescents involved in the criminal justice system: the RISKIT-CJS RCT

et al. 2023

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Background Substance use and offending are related in the context of other disinhibitory behaviours. Adolescents involved in the criminal justice system constitute a particularly vulnerable group, with a propensity to engage in risky behaviour that has long-term impact on their future health and well-being. Previous research of the RISKIT programme provided evidence of a potential effect in reducing substance use and risky behaviour in adolescents. Objectives To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a multicomponent psychosocial intervention compared with treatment as usual in reducing substance use for substance-using adolescents involved in the criminal justice system. Design A mixed-methods, prospective, pragmatic, two-arm, randomised controlled trial with follow-up at 6 and 12 months post randomisation. Setting The study was conducted across youth offending teams, pupil referral units and substance misuse teams across four areas of England (i.e. South East, London, North West, North East). Participants Adolescents aged between 13 and 17 years (inclusive), recruited between September 2017 and June 2020. Interventions Participants were randomised to treatment as usual or to treatment as usual in addition to the RISKIT-Criminal Justice System (RISKIT-CJS) programme. The RISKIT-CJS programme was a multicomponent intervention and consisted of two individual motivational interviews with a trained youth worker (lasting 45 minutes each) and two group sessions delivered over half a day on consecutive weeks. Main outcome measures At 12 months, we assessed per cent days abstinent from substance use over the previous 28 days. Secondary outcome measures included well-being, motivational state, situational confidence, quality of life, resource use and fidelity of interventions delivered. Results A total of 693 adolescents were assessed for eligibility, of whom 505 (73%) consented. Of these, 246 (49%) were allocated to the RISKIT-CJS intervention and 259 (51%) were allocated to treatment as usual only. At month 12, the overall follow-up rate was 57%: 55% in the RISKIT-CJS arm and 59% in the treatment-as-usual arm. At month 12, we observed an increase in per cent days abstinent from substances in both arms of the study, from 61% to 85%, but there was no evidence that the RISKIT-CJS intervention was superior to treatment as usual. A similar pattern was observed for secondary outcomes. The RISKIT-CJS intervention was not found to be any more cost-effective than treatment as usual. The qualitative research indicated that young people were positive about learning new skills and acquiring new knowledge. Although stakeholders considered the intervention worthwhile, they expressed concern that it came too late for the target population. Limitations Our original aim to collect data on offences was thwarted by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, and this affected both the statistical and economic analyses. Although 214 (87%) of the 246 participants allocated to the RISKIT-CJS intervention attended at least one individual face-to-face session, 98 (40%) attended a group session and only 47 (19%) attended all elements of the intervention. Conclusions The RISKIT-CJS intervention was no more clinically effective or cost-effective than treatment as usual in reducing substance use among adolescents involved in the criminal justice system. Future research The RISKIT-CJS intervention was considered more acceptable, and adherence was higher, in pupil referral units and substance misuse teams than in youth offending teams. Stakeholders in youth offending teams thought that the intervention was too late in the trajectory for their population. Trial registration This trial is registered as ISRCTN77037777. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health and Care Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 11, No. 3. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

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RisKit: The participatory development and observational evaluation of a multi-component programme for adolescent risk behaviour reduction

Cited by 3 publications

References 21 publications

Framing ‘drug prevention’ for young people in contact with the criminal justice system in England: views from practitioners in the field

Framing ‘drug prevention’ for young people in contact with the criminal justice system in England: views from practitioners in the field

Pragmatic randomised controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of a multi-component intervention to reduce substance use and risk-taking behaviour in adolescents involved in the criminal justice system: A trial protocol (RISKIT-CJS)

A multicomponent psychosocial intervention to reduce substance use by adolescents involved in the criminal justice system: the RISKIT-CJS RCT

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