Risk Zone Mapping of Lead Pollution in Urban Groundwater

Abstract

In a two-year study ten commercial date palm varieties were evaluated. The varieties showed varying response to Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Oliv; some varieties suffered heavy infestation while others indicated tolerance against R. ferrugineus. The most tolerant varieties with less infestation percentage against R. ferrugineus were Muzawati (8%) followed by Pathri (12%), Thothar (15%), Khar and Shakri (16%) respectively. The varieties which suffered high infestation rate were Karbalain, Dhedhi, Fasli, Aseel and Eidan Shah. To control the R. ferrugineus infestation pheromone trapping system was used. Significantly more R. ferrugineus (18-21) adults were captured during the 1 st , 2 nd , 3 rd week of July and 2 nd week of June. The studies conducted will be helpful in survey and control of R. ferrugineus infestation in Khairpur District of Sindh province.

Monitoring of Environmental Mercury Exposure Using Hair as Bioindicator and the Study of Potential Factors Affecting on It in Karachi

“…Landhi consists of residential area with low income population, dairy farming, and one of the large industrial zones of Sind Province-LITE (Landhi industrial trading estate). Large quantities of organic matter, oils, greases, heavy metals and other materials are discharge into local rivers [17,21]. The results suggested that peoples in Landhi are more exposed to mercury than the other industrial towns.…”

“…A statistical comparison by Hsu's MCB (multiple comparisons with the best) was applied; best has chosen to be the smallest of the other. Gulshan is almost a residential town, covers area of 26 km 2 [17,18]. Gulshan town could be considered as a control in this study because of its better condition of sanitation and garbage dumping, less traffic density and approximately no industrial activities as compared to the other towns.…”

“…Ibrahim Hydery is on the eastern coast of Karachi where fisherman activities are very high, chlor-alkali industries are abundant and an old thermal power plant was in operation here which has abandoned few years ago. While Bin Qasim contains eastern industrial area of Port Qasim, second seaport of country, thermal power plants, steel mill, chemical fertilizer and auto manufacturing plants with thin population [24,17]. The geochemical study of heavy metals in seawater and fish along Karachi-Makran coast conducted by [24] revealed that highest concentration of mercury in seawater and fish was found to be at the coast of Ibrahim Hydery and Bin Qasim.…”

Improving Water Management in Pakistan Using Social-Ecological Systems Research

“…At a broader scale, beyond those studies specifically related to our case study areas, there were also more studies related to environmental impacts of groundwater use focused on Sindh than the other two provinces, and most of these studies also highlighted concerns related to contamination of groundwater from heavy metals (Haq et al 2005;Siddique et al 2012;Alamgir et al 2016). These aspects were also the predominant focus of Punjab-based studies (Ullah et al 2009;Khattak et al 2012).…”

Flint Drinking Water Crisis: A First Attempt to Model Geostatistically the Space-Time Distribution of Water Lead Levels

“…Geostatistical techniques have been routinely used to analyze and map the spatial variability of soil and sediment lead concentrations Cattle et al 2002;Solt et al 2015), yet their application to lead in drinking water is far less common and mainly concerns groundwater quality (Siddique et al 2012). A recent study (Wang et al 2014) applied geographic information systems (GIS) and a hydraulic model of distribution systems to test the influences of pipe material, pipe age, water age, and other water quality parameters on lead/copper leaching in Raleigh (NC).…”